ORIGINS OF HIV

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ORIGINS OF HIV

• CROSS SPECIES TRANSFER ZOONOSES

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ZOONOSIS

• CROSS-SPECIES TRANSFER OF DISEASE CAUSING VIRUS
  OR BACTERIUM FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN

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HIV-1 FROM SIV-CPZ

• SIV
• SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
• SIV-CPZ SIV-CHIMPANZEE
• CENTRAL, EQUATORIAL AFRICA

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HIV ZOONOSIS

• SAME VIRUS
• SAME GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
• PLAUSIBLE TRANSMISSION ROUTE

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ZOONOSIS

• SAME GEOGRAPHIC AREA

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PLAUSIBLE TRANSMISSION

• AFRICAN HUNTERS
• KILL CHIMPANZEES - BUSHMEAT FOR LOGGING,
  MINING,..
• BUTCHER - BLOOD EXPOSURE
• INFANTS - PETS - 500

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INFANTS - PETS

• MUST KILL MOTHER ADULTS
• TYPICALLY 5 PER INFANT
• 4 OF 5 INFANTS DIE IN TRANSIT
• 1 PET - KILL 25 ADULTS

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SIV-CPZ TO HUMANS

• ZAIRE - 1959 - ADULT MALE
• NORWEGIAN SAILOR
• TRAVEL TO AFRICA, 1961-1962
• AIDS, 1976 - WIFE, 1 DAUGHTER
• POST-WAR - EPIDEMIC SPREAD - COMMERCIAL
  DEVELOPMENT IN CITIES, COMMERCIAL SEX,...

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ORAL POLIO VACCINES

• POLIO VIRUS VACCINE - 1950s
• POLIO VIRUS GROWN IN MONKEY KIDNEY CELLS
• MONKEY VIRUSES?

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IS HIV-1 FROM CHIMP?

• KOPROWSKI - LIVE POLIO VACCINES 50s - RWANDA,
  BURUNDI, CONGO
• HIV-1 ORIGIN - SPACE AND TIME
• SIV - GROW IN MONKEY KIDNEY CELLS - IN CHIMP
  KIDNEY ALSO?
• WISTAR INSTITUTE - NO
• VACCINE SAMPLES TO BE TESTED

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ORIGIN OF HIV-2

• SIV-SM
• SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
• SOOTY MANGABEY - W. AFRICA

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CHIMPS ENDANGERED

• 6 BILLION HUMANS200,000 CHIMPS
• 30,0001
• HUMANS HAVE MORE WEAPONS ETHNIC CLEANSING?
• WARN HUNTERS OF SIV-HIV RISK?
• FEAR AND AVOID - FEAR AND KILL