Sponges

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Sponges
( 5000 species)

• The Pore Bearers

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Sponge
Classification
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Porifera
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Adults develop from the blastula.
All body structures come from ectoderm.
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As the blastula matures, it becomes an
asymmetrical adult.
blastula
adult
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asymmetrical sponges
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Sponges are Invertebrates
(no backbone)
For support they have hard structures called
spicules.
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Spicules are found throughout the body of the
sponge.
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Sponges come in many shapes, sizes, and colors.
yellow ball sponge
green sponge
red sponge
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Almost all sponges live in saltwater a few,
however, live in freshwater.
freshwater sponges
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Adult sponges have 2 cell layers and 4 cell types.
inner layer
outer layer
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Two Cell Layers
The outer layer is composed of epidermal cells.
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Two Cell Layers
The inner layer is composed of choanocytes.
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Choanocytes use their flagella to cause water
currents.
They can then capture food or sperm that are
passing by.
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Between the 2 cell layers is a jellylike
substance (gelatinous layer) - it contains other
cell types and spicules.
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Pore cells go through both layers and let water
enter the sponge through pores.
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Pores are usually too small to be seen!
Cactus Sponge
White Staghorn Sponge
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Archaeocytes
Archaeocytes are able to move throughout the
gelatinous layer.
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Functions of Archaeocytes
1. make spicules
1. make spicules 2. make eggs and sperm
1. make spicules 2. make eggs and sperm 3. digest
food from choanocytes
1. make spicules 2. make eggs and sperm 3. digest
food from choanocytes 4. give nutrients to other
cells
1. make spicules 2. make eggs and sperm 3. digest
food from choanocytes 4. give nutrients to other
cells 5. take waste from other cells
1. make spicules 2. make eggs and sperm 3. digest
food from choanocytes 4. give nutrients to other
cells 5. take waste from other cells 6. take
sperm from choanocytes
1. make spicules 2. make eggs and sperm 3. digest
food from choanocytes 4. give nutrients to other
cells 5. take waste from other cells 6. take
sperm from choanocytes 7. give sperm to cells
with eggs
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choanocytes
archaeocytes
Choanocytes capture food archaeocytes digest the
food and take nutrients to other cells.
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choanocytes
archaeocytes
Choanocytes also capture sperm archaeocytes take
the sperm to other archaeocytes with eggs.
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Water Flow through a Sponge
osculum
Movement of the flagella by choanocytes causes
water to enter through pores and leave by the
osculum.
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This feeding technique is called
Filter Feeding
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A sponge may have one osculum or it may have
several.
But, if several, its a sponge colony.
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Sponge Reproduction
1. asexual (no sperm or egg)
a. budding
b. regeneration
2. sexual (sperm and egg)
a. internal
b. external
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Body Structures
A. epidermal cells
B. gelatinous layer
C. pore cell
D. pore
E. archaeocytes
F. spicule
G. choanocytes
H. osculum
I. basal body
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Review of Cell Functions
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Sponge
Gallery
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Fan Sponge
Knob Sponge
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large osculum
probably individual sponges
Volcano Sponge
Tubular Sponge
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osculum
Vase Sponge
Chimney Sponge
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Rubber Sponge
Cone Sponge
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Barrel Sponge
Stringy Sponge
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