Creativity and Innovation: Imperative for the

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Creativity and Innovation Imperative for the
21st Century

• Bonnie Cramond, Ph.D.
• The University of Georgia

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Time Travel in a Classroom

• 1909 Children, please take your slate home and
  show your parents what you learned. If they have
  questions, Ill speak to them about it at
  services Sunday. Now, fifth year children, take
  out your science books and turn to page 141 so we
  can read about the eight planets.
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• 1959 Kids, please have your mother sign the
  graded papers and send them back as soon as
  possible so you dont get a demerit. Now, take
  out your science books and turn to page 141 so we
  can read about the nine planets.
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• 2009 OK, quick texting each other and put the
  iphones away. Please remember to get your parent
  or guardian to log in to the class home page so
  that I know that someone has seen your posted
  assignments. Now, take out your science books
  and turn to page 141 so we can read about the
  eight planets.

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Time Travel

• Many things have changed in the last 100 years
• Now, we have smaller class sizes, more diversity,
  less order and respect for teachers, more
  technology
• Content reflects recent events and
  understandings, there is more technology, and the
  reading level of the textbooks is easier

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Has Curriculum Changed?

• Now
• Language Arts
• Mathematics
• P.E.
• Social Studies
• Science

• Then
• Reading
• Writing
• Arithmetic
• Gym
• History and Geography
• Science

Has it really changed? No, not in 100 years.
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We are moving from industrial societies to
knowledge societies

• We must realize that it is time to move past the
  3 Rs of Reading, riting, and rithmetic

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In 1993, Doll Proposed the 4 Rs

• Richness of curriculum - deep multi-layered
• Relations - making of connections
• Rigor - high standards
• Recursion - reflective interaction with the
  environment, others, culture, and with ones own
  knowledge

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5th R Reverse the Role of the Learner

• Passive---gt Active
• Consumer---gt Producer
• Dependent--gt Independent

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A partnership between the American Psychological
Association, Montgomery County Public Schools,
and Vanderbilt University
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The Other 3 Rs

• Reasoning
• focusing on effective problem solving
  particularly in regard to academic challenges.
• Resilience   
• recognizing challenges as part of life, viewing
  obstacles as challenges, and developing
  persistence.
• Responsibility   
• Being accountable for one's own actions and
  inactions
• Academic
• Personal
• Social

http//www.apa.org/ed/cpse/threershome.html
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In Great Britain

• The National Advisory Committee on Creative and
  Cultural Education (1999) warned that the
  curriculum not only did not nurture creativity,
  it actually stymied it.
• Watch the Ken Robinson video on YouTube
• Ken Robinson Do schools kill creativity?

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In the U.S.

• The groundbreaking 2006 report, Tough Choices or
  Tough Times (National Center on Education and the
  Economy, 2006), advised a systematic change in
  the curriculum.

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Strong skills in English, mathematics,
technology, and science, as well as literature,
history, and the arts, will be essential for
many beyond this, candidates will have to be
comfortable with ideas and abstractions, good at
both analysis and synthesis, creative and
innovative, self-disciplined and well organized,
able to learn very quickly and work well as a
member of a team and have the flexibility to
adapt quickly to frequent changes in the labor
market as the shifts in the economy become ever
faster and more dramatic. (p. 8, Executive
Summary).
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Richard Florida, Economist

• The Rise of the Creative Class And How It's
  Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and
  Everyday Life (2002)
• There is a new social class, the creative class,
  who generate new ideas, new technology, and new
  creative content that profoundly influence work
  and lifestyle issues.

• The Flight of the Creative Class The New Global
  Competition for Talent (2005)
• Nations are in competition to nurture and retain
  their most creative talent because they are
  linked to a nations prosperity.

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Top Ten Countries for Creativity According to
Prof. Floridas Index

• Denmark,
• Iceland,
• the Netherlands,
• Norway and
• Germany

• Sweden,
• Japan,
• Finland,
• the US,
• Switzerland,

Talent, technology, and tolerance
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Another Measure of Creativity, Patents
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Number of Nobel Prizes Awarded By Country--All
Categories
Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature Peace Econom
ics
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Other Indicators of Creative EnergyCreative
Enclaves or Constellations

• Greek Mathematicians
• Florence at the beginning of the 15th century
• Paris in the mid-to-late 18th century
• The Royal Society
• Tang Dynasty (constellation of poets) 7th C
• Vienna at the end of the 19th century
• Harlem Renaissance/New York

Creative Enclaves-- gregclinton.com
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Where are some Creative Enclaves Now?

• India--film industry
• Silicon Valley, CA--technology
• Milan, Paris, New York, Tokyo--fashion

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How much of what you learned in school is no
longer true?

• There may have been only 48 states in the U.S.
• Man had not walked on the moon even airplane
  trips were reserved for the wealthy, but travel
  was easy.
• Our food was not zapped, and our files were not
  zipped.
• The idea of a Black man or a woman running for
  president was unthinkable. (In 1960, the idea of
  a Catholic running for president was
  controversial.)

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How much of what you learned in school is no
longer true? (contd)

• YouTube, iPods, cell phones, Skype, Blue Tooth,
  email, eBay, and Facebook had no meaning.
• Amazon, chats, Second Life, and MySpace had
  different meanings.
• Text was not a verb.
• People, not machines, got viruses.
• Going to school in your pajamas was a nightmare,
  not a fashion statement.

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Hoffer, 1973

• In a time of drastic change, it is the learners
  who inherit the future. The learned find
  themselves equipped to live only in a world that
  no longer exists

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Why People Generally Dont Feel Creativity Is
Important--

• Failure to Recognize That Creativity

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1Can Be Expressed in Many Ways

• Association only with the Arts

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Types of Creativity

• Inventive
• addresses a worthwhile problem
• novel and appropriate solution
• Expressive
• Illustrates the creators emotions and aesthetics
• original and valuable

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Inventive Creativity

• Exhibited in mathematics, science, and social
  arenas
• Recognizes and identifies problems that may or
  may not be apparent to others,
• When solved result in an improvement in the
  domain

Dean Kamen, Inventor
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Dean Kamen

• Inventor-multimillionaire inventrepreneur
• Didnt graduate from college
• Holds more than 150 U.S. and foreign patents,
  many of them for innovative medical devices

Segway
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Mohandas Ghandi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

• May produce an intangible product--such as a
  social movement

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Expressive Creativity

• The impetus for the arts
• Results not from the recognition of a problem,
• But from the need to communicate with others.

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Not real dichotomy inventive
expressive

• Aesthetic experience in the realization of an
  elegant solution to a problem
• There are many problems to be solved in the
  completion any artistic expression

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Root-Bernstein Root-Bernstein, 1999

• Interviewed scientists and artists at the highest
  levels of accomplishment, many of whom were Nobel
  Prize winners, who noted the similarity in their
  work.
• French physician Armand Trousseau, All science
  touches on art all art has its scientific side.
  The worst scientist is he who is not an artist
  the worst artist is he who is no scientist. (p.
  11).

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2. Can Be Expressed at Different Levels C or c

• Association only with the highest levels of
  creativity
• Maslow, A good soup is more creative than a bad
  poem.

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3is Needed to Solve World Problems
Overpopulationn

• Inventive
• Novel solutions to unsolved problems
• Early recognition product creation
• Market response

Geopolitical Restructuring
Hunger
Conflict
Obesity
Pollution
Economic Woes
Natural Resources
Disease
New Markets
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4Maximizes Human Abilities

• The intuitive mind is the gift, the rational
  mind is the faithful servant. We have honored
  the servant and ignored the gift.
• Einstein

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5Provides the passion that leads to achievement

• "We are not born with unlimited choices... Our
  job in this lifetime is not to shape ourselves
  into some ideal that we imagine we ought to be,
  but to find out who we already are and become
  it.

Pressfield, S. (2002). The war of art Break
through the blocks and win your inner creative
battles. New York Warner Books.
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6Makes Life Easier
Ben Carson
Dean Kamen
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7And, More Enjoyable
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8Is Developmental

• In some cases the very qualities that cause
  creative individuals to have problems are the
  same ones that may facilitate their creative
  accomplishments.

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And Must be Recognized
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And Nurtured
even when it is hard to do so.
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9is something that we all have, like intelligence

• When a person has no learned or practiced
  solution to a problem, some degree of creativity
  is required

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According to Torrance,

• When a person has no learned or practiced
  solution to a problem, some degree of creativity
  is required

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What Can We Do About It?

• Cherish our most valuable resource

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Education

• Must recognize and develop
• Inventive Creativity to solve problems
• Expressive creativity to help us understand and
  express our feeling about our changing world

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Remember the Past

• R. Buckminster Fuller, writer, mathematician,
  architect, etc. recalled that during his
  childhood, at the turn of the century,
• only about 1 of the world was literate,
• fewer still thought of humanity in world terms

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Look at the Present

• people tried to predict the future and could not
  begin to conceive of automobiles, electrons,
  travel to the moon, or even air wars as reality.

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Prepare for the Future!

• We, too, are poised on the brink of change in
  this new millennium
• Prediction is still true successful adaptation
  to world change and enrichment of our world
  depend on creative endeavors.