The end of colonialism

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The end of colonialism
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• End of colonialism
• Study techniques
• Information about year two

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The end of colonialism

• 1870 - Crisis in Europe / US
• The long depression
• Lower profits
• Greater competition between nations
• New products
• New producers
• New comparative advantages

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• The scramble for Africa
• Extreme specialisation
• Mono crop
• Mono mineral
• The interests of the colonial powers
• Trade becomes more intensified
• Protectionism

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Resources

• Food
• Wheat
• Rice
• Meat
• Bananas
• Industrial crops
• Rubber
• Palm oil

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Resources

• Stimuli
• Coffee
• Sugar
• Cacao
• Opium

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Resources

• Gold and gems
• Africa
• Hut tax gt need for moneygt wage labour
• Migration

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Labour

• Mobile labour
• Enclosure movement -gt urbanisation
• Migration to old colonies
• Migration between colonies (regions)

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• Balance of power shifted
• England gradually loosing its lead
• Not declining just not growing as fast as other
  countries
• Difficult to uphold the free trade regime
• USA becomes stronger but not willing to take
  over the role as world leader

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The Inter-war period

• Empires broken
• Empires growing
• World trade disintegrating
• Trade barriers
• The colonies left to themselves

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WWII

• Competing world systems at war
• Fascism
• Communism
• Keynesianism

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Why did colonialism end?

• The economic factor
• WWII extremely costly
• Empires stretched to their limits
• Man-power shortages
• Bureaucracy
• military
• New economic super powers

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Why did colonialism end?

• The political factor
• National politics (Labour in England)
• International politics
• Europe US relations

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Why did colonialism end?

• The institutional factor
• Old authorities no longer strong
• Lack of belief in the colonial ideology
• The white man not unbeatable

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How did it end ?

• UK bloodless?
• More decentralised
• Fast process in Asia (India 1947)
• Slow process in Africa (Zimbabwe 1980)
• France The Netherlands
• Bloody battles
• Settlers not wanting to leave
• Pressure from US

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Has it ended?

• Neo colonialism
• US, EU, Japan, (USSR) Russia
• Trade regimes
• Aid regimes
• IMF/World Bank
• Division of labour
• Trans-national Companies

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Post-war prospects

• Europe/ North America
• Industrial base
• Institutions
• High human capital
• Literacy rate
• Newspapers
• Great opportunities

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Post-war prospects

• Latin America
• Low human capital
• Low productivity
• Few entrepreneurs
• Indigenous population marginalised
• Europeans took the jobs
• Great disparities
• Great challenges

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Post-war prospects

• Asia
• Strong social capital
• Increasing human capital
• Old institutions broken by conflict
• Asia DRAMA OR MIRACLE?

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Post-war prospects

• Africa
• Low human capital
• Weak institutions
• Resource based
• Late Decolonisation
• Great inequalities
• Great challenges

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Study techniques

• The lecture
• Take notes
• Dont focus too much on the particulars
• Re-write the notes the same day

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Study techniques

• The literature
• Not necessary to remember everything!
• Read the literature with the lecture notes in
  mind
• Finally
• DONT BE AFFRAID TO ASK QUESTIONS