Data Visualization Through GIS

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Data Visualization Through GIS

• by Benjamin Winchester
• Coordinator, Data Analysis Research
• Center for Small Towns
• University of Minnesota, Morris
• November 13, 2003
• www.centerforsmalltowns.org

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Overview

• Data
• Geography
• Mapping Data Geography
• Resources

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PART 1 Data

• Demographic
• Social
• Economic
• Natural Environment
• Political

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Sources of Data

• U.S Census www.census.gov
• Bureau of Economic Analysis www.bea.gov
• Minnesota Workforce Center www.mnwfc.org
• Department of Natural Resources
  www.dnr.state.mn.us

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U.S. Census Data

• Census is taken every ten years.
• SFx Summary File 1, 2, 3, 4
• In 1990 and earlier it was STF Summary Tape
  File
• SF1/2 Short Form sent to 100 of respondents.
• SF3/4 Long Form 1 of every 6 people. This
  value is lower in more populated areas, higher in
  rural areas.

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Short Form Questions (SF1/2)

• Age
• Sex
• Race (Multiple)
• Hispanic or Latino origin
• Household relationship
• Vacancy characteristics
• Tenure (owner v. renter)

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Long Form Questions (SF3/4)(population
characteristics)

• Ancestry
• Disability
• Education Enrollment and Attainment
• Grandparents as Caregivers
• Income
• Industry, Occupation, and Class of Worker
• Labor Force Status
• Language Spoken at Home
• Marital Status

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Long Form Questions (SF3/4)(housing
characteristics)

• Bedrooms
• Farm Residence
• House Heating Fuel
• Kitchen Facilities
• Plumbing Facilities
• Rent
• Rooms
• Selected Monthly Owner Costs
• Utilities and Fuels
• Mortgage Costs

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Long Form Questions (SF3/4)(housing
characteristics)

• Taxes
• Insurance
• Condominium Fee
• Mobile Home Costs
• Telephone Service Available
• Tenure (Owner/Renter)
• Units in Structure
• Value
• Vehicles Available
• Year Moved into Unit
• Year Structure Built

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Minnesota Planning Datanet

• http//www.mnplan.state.mn.us/datanetweb
• Datanet is an online system consisting of
  summarized statistical information designed to
  serve Minnesota's governments, businesses,
  schools, nonprofit agencies and citizens. The
  system contains statistics about social, economic
  and demographic conditions in Minnesota.
• Contains Minnesota Census data from 1990 and 2000
  and can also map selected indicators

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PART 2 Geography

• Nation
• State
• Counties
• County Subdivisions - Cities and Townships
• Congressional Districts
• School Districts
• Watershed
• River Basin

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Census Geography

• Census-Designated Areas
• Metropolitan Statistical Area
• Urbanized Area
• Census Tract - small, relatively permanent
  statistical subdivisions of a county delineated
  by local participants as part of the U.S. Census
  Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program.
  The primary purpose of census tracts is to
  provide a stable set of geographic units for the
  presentation of decennial census data. This is
  the first decennial census for which the entire
  United States is covered by census tracts
• Block Group - generally contain between 600 and
  3,000 people, with an optimum size of 1,500
  people
• Block - areas bounded on all sides by visible
  features, such as streets, roads, streams, and
  railroad tracks, and by invisible boundaries,
  such as city, town, township, and county limits,
  property lines, and short, imaginary extensions
  of streets and roads.
• Zip Code Tabulation Area

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State of Minnesota
Scale Counties
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Otter Tail County
Scale Census Tracts
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Census Geography Minor Civil Divisions

• Stevens County
• Cities and Townships
• Commonly known as Minor Civil Divisions or County
  Subdivisions
• Together these form the smallest administrative
  units. Townships are approximately 6 miles
  square.
• Cities Townships entire state
• Minnesota also has Unorganized Territories,
  mostly in the North

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Otter Tail County
Scale Zip Codes
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Otter Tail County
Scale Block Groups
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Otter Tail County
Scale Blocks
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Fergus Falls City
Scale Blocks
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Census Geography

• U.S. Census Geography Includes a glossary of
  definitions for Census geography terms. Often has
  several paragraphs for each term.
• http//www.census.gov/geo/www/
• U.S. Census Bureau Maps and Cartographic
  Resources (U.S. Bureau of the Census)http//www.c
  ensus.gov/geo/www/maps

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Bringing it Together

• Visualization Data Geography
• Not all data is available for every geography
  for example, the Minnesota Workforce Center
  provides county-level data
• Two methods for visualization
• Do it yourself with ArcView/ArcMap
• Map online

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PART 3 Data Geography
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Mapping Examples
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Natural Environment
KEY DATA
- Lakes and Wetlands
- Streams
- Floodplains
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Rural Areas are Older Rural Remote Rural -
Recreational
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• At the level of
• MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS,
• the variation within the county
• now becomes apparent.
• Minor Civil Divisions include
• Cities
• Townships
• Unorganized Territories

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The largest predictor of growth between 1990 and
2000 is the presence of water. Recreation is the
latest boon for rural Minnesota.
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PART 4 Resources
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Census Mapping Sites Online

• Minnesota Planning County, Minor Civil
  Division, Tract
• http//www.mnplan.state.mn.us/00/c2000.html
• American Factfinder (U.S. Census Bureau)
• http//factfinder.census.gov
• Datanet Census Tract Profile Finder
• http//www.mnplan.state.mn.us/datanetweb/tractFind
  er/
• County-to-County Worker Flow
• http//161.188.204.80/maps/charlotte/jtw51.asp?fip
  co27000

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Other Mapping Sites

• The GIS Portal links to various GIS sites on
  the internet
• http//www.gisportal.com/
• National Geographic
• http//plasma.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine
• Maps.com Reference Maps
• http//www.maps.com/reference/
• National Geographic Map Links
• http//www.nationalgeographic.com/maps/map_links.h
  tml

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Online Mapping (cont)

• GIS Day November 19, 2003
• http//www.gisday.com/
• USGS aerial imagery and USGS topographic maps
• http//terraserver-usa.com/
• Links to GIS resources
• http//mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/tech/ITS/ProfDev/we
  bpage_special20projects/web20-gis/earthKAM.html
• NASA Remote sensing/GPS/GIS From a Distance
  website
• http//wwwedu.ssc.nasa.gov/fad/

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For Educators

• ArcLessons (by ESRI)
• http//gis.esri.com/industries/education/arclesson
  s/arclessons
• ESRI and non-ESRI Sponsored Grant Programs
• http//www.esri.com/grants/index.html
• Directions Magazine
• http//www.directionsmag.com/

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EPIC Atlas

• The Minnesota Environmental Atlas is an
  electronic textbook that delivers the best of
  Minnesotas GIS data to education, government and
  citizens. Designed in cooperation with secondary
  and college instructors, the atlas contains more
  than 250 digital maps along with the software to
  retrieve and analyze the information. The atlas
  has been described as a tool that will
  fundamentally change the way environmental
  education is taught in Minnesota classrooms.
• The EPIC Atlas is fast, easy-to-use and requires
  no formal GIS training. Instructors use the atlas
  to support lesson plans in environmental science,
  ecology, biology, geography and social studies.
  Digital maps address agriculture, climate,
  ecology, forestry, geology, hazards and events,
  land use cover, demographic change, soils and
  water resources themes.
• http//www.lmic.state.mn.us/EPPL7/Atlas/index.html
  

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Free GIS Software

• ArcExplorer (from ESRI)
• http//www.esri.com/software/arcexplorer/
• Also Online
• GeoCommunity
• http//software.geocomm.com/
• Geography Network Data Rich
• http//www.geographynetwork.com/freeresources.html