The

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The Industrial Revolution
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Directions

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  title of each page or action buttons if any are
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Main Menu
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Chapter 11 Vocabulary
Life During the Industrial Revolution
New Transportation Methods
Causes of Industrial Revolution
The Lowell Factories
Henry Clays American System
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Inventors and Their Inventions
The Erie Canal
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Chapter 11 Vocabulary

• Industrial Revolution 9. Era of Good Feelings
• Spinning jenny 10. Sectionalism
• Capital 11. American system
• Capitalist 12. Internal improvements
• Factory system 13. Interstate commerce
• Interchangeable parts 14. Clermont
• Lowell girl 15. Erie Canal
• Urbanization 16. National Road

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Industrial Revolution
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list

• A long slow process that changed the way goods
  were made.

6
Spinning Jenny
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list

• A machine invented by James Hargreaves in 1764
  that could spin several threads at once.

7
Capital
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list

• Another name for money.

8
Capitalist
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• Is a person who invests in a business in order
  to make a profit.

9
Factory System
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• Brought workers and machinery together in one
  place to produce goods.

10
Interchangeable Parts
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• Identical, machine-made parts for a tool or
  instrument.

11
Lowell Girls
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• Young women who worked in the Lowell Mills in
  Massachusetts during the Industrial Revolution.

12
Urbanization
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list

• Process of a population shifting from farms to
  cities.

13
National Road
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• First federally funded national road project,
  begun in 1811.

National Road
14
Clermont
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list

• A steamboat built in 1807 by Robert Fulton.
  First steamboat to be commercially successful in
  American waters.

15
Erie Canal
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• Artificial waterway opened in 1825 linking Lake
  Erie to the Hudson River.

16
Era of Good Feeling
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vocabulary list

• The eight years of James Monroes presidency,
  from 1817 to 1825, when the Democratic
  Republicans dominated the nations politics.

17
Sectionalism
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list

• Loyalty to a state or section rather than to the
  whole country.

18
American System
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Henry Clay

• Program for economic growth promoted by Henry
  Clay in the early 1800s.
• Called for high tariffs on imports and federal
  funds to improve transportation.

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Internal Improvements
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• Improvements to roads, bridges, and canals.

20
Interstate Commerce
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• Trade between states.

21
Causes
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• The Industrial Revolution started in Great
  Britain in the mid 1700s when British inventors
  developed new machines in clothing (textiles)
  factories.
• James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny in
  1764, which allowed a machine to spin several
  threads at once.

Spinning Jenny
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Causes
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list

• Then a new system of producing goods was created
  called the factory system, which allowed workers
  and machines to be housed in one building to
  produce a good.
• Before this method was used, production was done
  in the home.

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Samuel Slater

• Slater brought the secret of the Factory system
  over from Great Britain in 1789.
• Great Britain passed a law forbidding anyone from
  taking plans of the factory system out of Great
  Britain, so Slater simply memorized the plans and
  left for the Americas to build a factory of his
  own.
• In 1793, he built the first textile (clothing)
  factory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

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The War of 1812

• The War of 1812 also led to Industrialization in
  the United States because during the War with
  Great Britain trading stopped between the two
  countries.
• The United States needed to replace the goods we
  used to buy from Great Britain before the war and
  to also produce items needed for War. Thus,
  factories were produced to solve this problem.

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Effects of the Industrial Revolution
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Urbanization

• The movement of people from farms to cities.
• In 1800 most Americans lived in rural, or country
  areas.
• During the Industrial Revolution that changed.
• New Farming equipment replaced manual labor and
  people started to move to cities for jobs where
  there was factories.

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Hazards

• The growth of cities caused problems.
• Poor sanitation.
• No sewers. Waste was thrown onto the streets
• Crime
• Disease from poor sanitation conditions
• Poor housing conditions.

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New Attractions

• New forms of entertainment began in cities
• to attract people.
• Museums
• Theaters
• stores

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Life During the Industrial Revolution
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Child Labor

• Children as young as seven worked both in the
  factories and on farms.
• They were paid less than women or men.
• Children called doffers worked in factories
  changing equipment on machines when needed.
• This was very dangerous and many children were
  serious hurt on the job.

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Long Hours

• Workers in factories worked as many as 12 hours a
  Day, six days a week.

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Changes in Home Life

• The Industrial Revolution led to more family
  members going to work.
• Women in poorer families often went to work at
  factories to help support the family.
• The same with children.

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The Lowell Factories
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Location

• Factory was located in Lowell, Massachusetts.
• Town was named after its founder, Francis Cabot
  Lowell.

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The Lowell Mills

• The Lowell Mills were an entire town that had
  more than 10,000 workers.
• Most were young girls called Lowell Girls.
• They were hired for a few years and given room
  and board.

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Inventors and Their Inventions
Eli Whitney
Inventors and Famous Inventions
Samuel Morse
Samuel Slater's Mill
(Click on Pictures)
Robert Fulton
James Hargreave's "Spinning Jenny"
John Deere
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James Hargreaves

• Invented the Spinning Jenny in 1764.
• This machine could spin several threads of cloth
  at once.

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Edmund Cartwright

• Built a loom powered by water in 1780.
• This water loom could spin even more cloth than
  the spinning jenny.

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Samuel Slater

• Brought the factory system to America in 1789 and
  built the first factory in the United States in
  1793.
• Now workers and equipment could be placed under
  one roof to produce goods faster and cheaper than
  ever before.

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Eli Whitney

• Eli Whitney came up with two inventions.
• They were Interchangeable Parts and the Cotton
  Gin.

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Interchangeable Parts

• Interchangeable parts are identical, machine-made
  parts for a tool or instrument.
• Eli Whitney used this concept to make muskets for
  the army. Before interchangeable parts,
  individual gunsmiths would make the parts for
  muskets. If the part broke it was very difficult
  to replace, because the parts were handmade.
• Now the parts could be replaced quickly because
  all parts for guns could be made identically.
• This concept was soon adapted by manufacturers
  for all sorts of other goods.

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Cotton Gin

• Invented in 1793, the cotton gin could clean the
  seeds from cotton faster than by hand.
• This led to a boom in cotton production in the
  south, which became known as the Cotton Kingdom.

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John Deere

• Invented a light weight steel plow in 1825.

44
Samuel B. Morse

• Invented the telegraph in 1844.
• Soon news could be sent across the country using
  Morse code.

Morse Code
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Robert Fulton

• Invented the first successful steamboat line in
  1807.
• His ship the Clermont sailed from New York City
  to Albany and back in 62 hours. A record at that
  time.
• Goods could know be moved quicker and cheaper
  than ever before.

46
New Transportation Methods

• In the Early 1800s, new transportation methods
  were being developed that could get goods and
  people to distant places faster and cheaper than
  ever before.

Railroads
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Steamboat

• Invented the first successful steamboat line in
  1807.
• His ship the Clermont sailed from New York City
  to Albany and back in 62 hours. A record at that
  time.
• Goods could know be moved quicker and cheaper
  than ever before

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Canals

• Man made waterways were constructed all over the
  Northeast to get goods to west and east.
• One canal that was built between the years
  1817-1825 was the Erie Canal.

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Roads

• Improved roads were being built to link the east
  and west.
• That way farmers good send there crops to the
  east to be sold and manufacturers could send
  their goods to the west, too.
• The first national road was completed in 1818 and
  linked Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, western
  Virginia.

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Railroads

• Railroads would eventually replace the canal.
• By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was
  completed connecting the Atlantic Coast to the
  Pacific Coast.

51
Henry Clay's American System
Henry Clay

• Henry Clay of Kentucky was responsible for this
  new push in transportation lines.
• His Plan as called the American System and his
  idea was to improve the infrastructure of the
  United States so Northern States good send their
  manufactured goods to farmers in the West and
  South. In addition, the farmers in the West and
  South could send their crops north to be sold.
• Thus, a trade network would be established that
  would benefit the entire nation.

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The Erie Canal

• Built between the years 1817-1825.
• Linked Buffalo to Albany, New York.
• Provided a faster means of transportation for
  farmers in Western New York to get crops and
  livestock to Albany and then to New York City via
  steamboats on the Hudson River.

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The Erie Canal

• The cities of Rome, Utica and Syracuse soon
  emerged along the route of the canal.

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The Erie Canal

• Built between the years 1817-1825.
• Linked Buffalo to Albany, New York.
• Provided a faster means of transportation for
  farmers in Western New York to get crops and
  livestock to Albany and then to New York City via
  steamboats on the Hudson River.

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The Erie Canal

• The cities of Rome, Utica and Syracuse soon
  emerged along the route of the canal.