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Latino Health

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Obesity. Diabetes. Obesity. Tend to be higher among Hispanic women than men ... black women have a higher levels of obesity than those found in women in the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Latino Health


1
Latino Health
2
CDC Information
  • Latino Population

3
Latino Health Access
  • America Speaks

4
Nutrition-Related Diseases
  • Nutrients found to be deficient in the diet of
    persons of Mexican descent include vitamin A,
    folacin, vitamin C, iron and calcium.
  • In Texas it is found that Hispanics consume a
    high diet of fats and cholesterol
  • (Found equal between males and females.)

5
What Clinical Studies Found
  • Overweight
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes

6
Obesity
  • Tend to be higher among Hispanic women than men
  • 39 of women are over weight and 16 or severly
    obese
  • Higher in
  • Mexican -American
  • Puerto Rican
  • Cubian

7
  • Only black women have a higher levels of obesity
    than those found in women in the Hispanic
    population.

8
Diabetes
  • Non-insulin diabetes is prevalent in Hispanic
    population
  • Mexican-American are 2 to 4 times more times
    likely to suffer non-insulin diabetes

9
  • Within the Hispanic population, diabetes is not
    related sole to weight.

10
Children
  • Research has consistently shown that Hispanic
    children are shorter but relatively heavier than
    non-Hispanic children.

11
Socio-Economic Status (SES)
  • Hispanics children with low SES have lower
    stature but higher fat accumulation.
  • The pattern decreases with children in families
    with higher SES

12
Food History
  • Latino ancestors
  • Had a large diversity of foods which were
    domesticated and used for human consumption.
  • Vegetable and Fruits.
  • Corn, beans, squash,tomatoes, chocolate, chilies,
    sweet potatoes, and greens
  • Mamey, chirimoya, zapotes, guanabana, tuna,
    pitaya, jicama, papaya.

13
Spaniards
  • Food introduction
  • Wheat, pastas,rice,barley,olives,citrus
    fruits,almonds,beef,mutton,sugar cane, hogs.

14
French
  • Food introduction 1860
  • Bread and pastries

15
Today
  • Food that are common place
  • Fideo, spaghetti, macaroni, mole poblano (sauce)
  • It is a blend of several different cultures.

16
Changing Diets
  • The highly Sensitive foodstuff in relationship to
    change.
  • Traditional
  • Sweet bread, lard, soup of pasta, Mexican
    cream,fruit flavored water, boiled bean
  • Non-Traditional
  • White bread, margarine, breakfast cereals,
    vegetable salad, salad dressing, mayonnaise,
    flour tortillas, oil, and Kool Aid

17
Non-Changes
  • Licuado (Fruit based drink), corn tortilla, green
    salsa,red cooked salsa, cinnamon tea, fried
    tacos, meat cooked with vegetable, rice cooked
    with tomatoes, milk gelatin, fruit salad, and meat

18
Desiese
  • AIDS/HIV

19
AIDS/HIV
  • October 15th 2004 is National Latino AIDS
    Awareness Day and it marks the last day of
    Hispanic Heritage month.
  • Overall, Hispanics/Latinos represent an estimated
    20 of new HIV infections.  While
    Hispanics/Latinos make up 13 of the U.S.
    population, they account for 18 of all AIDS
    cases ever reported, 17 of all AIDS deaths ever
    reported, 20 of all new HIV infections estimated
    to occur among men, and 18 of all new HIV
    infections estimated to occur among women.

20
Latino Health Part 2
21
Terminology
22
Naturalistic Disease Theories
  • Explanations of illness that attributes cause to
    natural forces or conditions suah as heat, cold,
    dampness, etc.

23
Supernatural Disease Theories
  • Explanations of illness that attributes cause to
    supernatural agents.

24
Magical beliefs
  • Harnessing power that cannot be verified through
    scientific means, that can be used to heal or
    harm.

25
Scientific Disease Theories
  • Naturalistic explanations of diseases through
    using scientific methods.

26
Disease of Civilization
  • Illnesses caused by the lifestyles associated
    with modern civilization.

27
  • People migrate from Mexico (and other Latin
    American countries) to the United States for a
    number of reasons, including
  • Many Mexicans are poor and there is little
    likelihood of improving their economic status in
    Mexico. There are an estimated 98,000,000 people
    living in Mexico and of these, about 66 live in
    poverty. While the Mexican economy has grown in
    recent years, buying power has shrunk 80 since
    1976 and inflation continues to increase at a
    faster rate than wages (CIA, 1998 Rangel, 1999).

28
  • Hispanics encountered in health care settings and
    elsewhere range from physicians with postgraduate
    degrees and born in the U.S. to uneducated,
    non-English speaking peasants who arrived in the
    U.S. last week.

29
  • Verbal and nonverbal communications from
    Hispanics usually are characterized by respeto
    (respect) and communications to Hispanics should
    also be respectful. There is an element of
    formality in Hispanic interactions, especially
    when older persons are involved.

30
  • Over-familiarity, physical (touch by strangers)
    or verbal (casual use of first names), is not
    appreciated early in relationships. It is
    uncommon for Hispanics to be aggressive or
    assertive in health care interactions.
  • Direct eye contact is less among Hispanics that
    among Anglos. Direct disagreement with a provider
    uncommon the usual response to a decision with
    which the patient or family disagrees is silence
    and noncompliance.

31
  • The use of interpreters is often necessary, and
    ideally these should be of the same gender.
  • Family members or friends are sometimes pressed
    into service as translators, but this may result
    in problems (personal, sexual, etc.) not brought
    up.
  • The use of family or friends to interpret also
    presents difficulty in communicating and
    assessing the accuracy of vital communications
    such as medication regimes, side effects the
    patient must understand, and informed consents.

32
Authority
  • The father or oldest male (direct relative) holds
    the greatest power in most families and may make
    health decisions for others in the family. Men
    are expected to provide for and be in charge of
    their families.

33
  • Most Hispanics are Roman Catholics and the faith
    and church often are involved in day to day
    family and community life, with activities
    throughout the week and all day Sunday.
  • Spiritual and religious influences play a major
    role in health, illness, and daily life.

34
  • Catholicism, is a concurrent belief in and use of
    magico-religious means of dealing with life.
    Candles with pictures of saints are found in many
    homes and are often part of altars in the living
  • Each saint has a specialized as well as general
    religious function.
  • The saint associated with cancer is St. Peregrine
  • with dying is St. Joseph
  • with bodily ills is Our Lady of Lourdes

35
  • "Hot" and "cold" are intrinsic properties of
    various substances and conditions, and there are
    sometimes differences of opinion about what is
    "hot," what is "cold."
  • In general, cold diseases/conditions are
    characterized by vasoconstriction and low
    metabolic rate. "Cold" diseases/conditions
    include menstrual cramps, pneumonia, and colic.
  • "Hot" diseases/conditions are characterized by
    vasodilation and high metabolic rate. Pregnancy,
    hypertension, diabetes, acid indigestion, are
    examples of hot conditions.

36
  • "Cold" conditions are treated with "hot"
    medications and "hot" with "cold" medications,
    thus bringing the individual back into balance.
  • Problems that are primarily spiritual in nature
    are treated with prayer and ritual. However, few
    Hispanics who use folk means of treating illness
    are troubled by simultaneously using cosmopolitan
    treatments such as antibiotics.

37
  • medications, including prescription, are shared
    within social networks.
  • There are instances in which a sick person may
    simultaneously be using prayer, folk and/or
    herbal medicine, prescription medications
    obtained from a friend, and prescription
    medications prescribed by a nurse practitioner or
    physician.
  • Regardless of the source of care, the patient
    (and family) are likely to include faith in God
    as a vital component of understanding of the
    problem and the cure.

38
Folk Remedies
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