Structure and Equilibrium

1
Structure and Equilibrium

• Welcome to Chemistry 121
• With Professor Cliff Harris

2
Todays schedule

• Roster/enrollment
• Big Picture Context for the course
• Goals and Outline of Chem 121
• How to fail
• How to succeed
• Reading and HW assignments

3
Big Picture

• Why are you studying chemistry?
• Medical or Dental school
• Biology or Geology major
• Chemistry major
• Why do I do chemistry?
• Intellectual challenge
• Environmental concerns
• Business
• Lets take a little trip through time

4
Me, You, Earth 1967

• Me born
• You not even dreamed about
• Earth 3.5 billion people, wars everywhere
• EDF founded
• Silent Spring, Rachel Carson (1965)

5
Me, You, Earth 1988

• Me discovered chemistry
• You born
• Earth 5.1 billion people, cold-war about to
  end
• NASA scientists warn of global warming

6
Me, You, Earth 1989

• Me became communist, still chemist
• You learned to poo
• Earth Berlin wall comes down, end of communism
• Exxon Valdez, 11 million gals. Oil, Alaska

7
Me, You, Earth 1992

• Me Started grad school, discoveries
• Joined Green Party
• You Personality mostly finished
• Potty-training!
• Earth 5.4 billion
• First world-wide Earth Summit
• Record-high chlorine oxide levels
• Record-low ozone levels

8
Me, You, Earth 1997

• Me Finished Ph.D., started at Albion
• You Third Grade? Fractions, Cooties
• Earth 5.9 billion people
• Julia Butterfly Hill climbs into Redwood tree in
  Northern Californiastays for two years

9
Me, You, Earth 2001

• Me 9/11
• You 9/11 Everything Changed
• Some of you woke up
• Earth 6.2 billion people
• Second warmest year ever recorded

10
Me, You, Earth 2004

• Me Started EcoSynthetics
• Probably not a communist anymore
• You Juniors more of you woke up
• Probably thinking about college
• Earth 6.4 billion people
• Kyoto Protocol goes into effect (2005)
• US boycotts it

11
Me, You, Earth 2007

• Me I meet you, wonder if you are
• Interesting
• Awake
• You Meet me, desperately hoping I will be
• Interesting
• Helpful, fair
• Not full of poo
• Earth 6.5 billion people
• Late last year
• California Britain side-step US government
• Sign pact to reduce global warming

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What has this to do with Chemistry?

• Science is a tool
• Science in context
• Liberal Arts
• That knowledge necessary for a free people
• Major emphasis Foundations of Chemistry
• Constant background environmental, social,
  political implications

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Goals of this Class

• Prepare for Organic Chemistry
• Atoms, molecules and energy
• Atomic structure, shape, bonding
• Chemical formulas, equations, stoichiometry
• Chemical reactions in water equilibria
• Introduction to Thermodynamics
• Divided into six sections

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Six-part race to success

• 1. What is matter? What patterns are found in
  atomic and molecular structure?
• 2. How do atoms and molecules move? How does
  heat affect them? What happens when they bump
  into each other?
• 3. How are quantum theory and the periodic table
  related? How useful?

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Six-part race to success

• 4. How are molecules held together? How can we
  predict their shapes?
• 5. How do molecules react in water? What are
  strong acids and bases?
• 6. What are weak acids and bases? How can we
  understand the reactions of ions in water?

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How to Fail

• Goal avoid learning, put in minimum
• Method careful avoidance
• Assume you can catch up later
• Put off studying until late at night
• Dont carefully plan use of time
• dont read, dont do problems
• skip class, avoid getting help
• Dont ask questions

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How to Succeed

• Goal Thorough understanding
• Method The learning cycle
• read, then do problems
• listen, then do problems
• Check your answers, correct errors, understand
  what you did wrong, and how to do it right
• Repeat until your self-testing indicates that you
  understand

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How to Succeed

• Goal Thorough understanding
• Read and understand, dont memorize
• Throw highlighters away do problems!
• Prepare for class lecture and lab
• Come to class every day
• Get help early, not later
• Use lecture and lab to reinforce each other,
  learn from exams

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Read your syllabus

• Read learning objectives, p. 77
• Focus on s 1, 2, 5 for Wednesday
• Read Silberberg sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.5 for
  Wednesdays class
• Review Ch. 1 as necessary

20
Homework Problems

• Finish (or attempt) these by Wednesday morning
• Section 2.1 Problems 2.1-2.9
• Section 2.2 Problems 2.10-2.15
• Section 2.5 2.34-2.48
• HW handout due Wednesday night at tutorial
  section