Energy Savings

1
Energy Savings Efficiency Workshop Faith
Communities

• Portland, ME
• April 26, 2009

2
Workshop Objectives

• Learn
• how to conduct a basic energy assessment
• about energy, basic building structures and
  mechanical systems
• how to gather and interpret data to measure
  energy use
• simple, cost-effective ways to save energy

3
Faith Community Energy Assessment Top 4
Priorities

• Heating
• Insulation Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting

4
Heating

• Overview of basic heating systems
• Determine building/heating efficiency (2
  calculations)
• Calculating efficiency of heating system
• Calculating rate of heating fuel use
• Assessing building occupancy patterns
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective solutions

5
Overview of basic heating systems

• Boiler
• Distributes heat via hot water or steam
• Delivers heat to
• Radiators
• Hot water baseboard
• Cast iron
• In floor radiant
• Oil or gas fired
• Typically used in halls and offices

• Furnace
• Distributes heat via hot air through
  ductwork
• Delivers heat to spaces
• Floor registers
• Ceiling registers
• Oil or gas fired
• Typically used in sanctuaries

6
Determine building/heating efficiency

• Calculating an estimate of
• heating building system efficiency

7
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating estimated building heating efficiency

• Formula to calculate estimated building heating
  efficiency
• Annual Fuel Use (gallons)
• Square Footage of Building

8
Determine building/heating efficiency What the
numbers mean

• .1 to .25 efficient heating system well
  insulated building little to no action needed
• .25 to .5 investigate heating system
  efficiency insulation likely action needed
• .5 to .75 inefficient system or poor
  insulation plan for action
• .75 ALERT! Youre heating the outdoors take
  action immediately!

9
Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating
Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency
Case 1 Church 21,000 SF
Boiler Fire Rate 7.9 gal/hr 6,000 gallons/ 21,000
SF 0.29 gals/SF Base board and hot air
10
Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating
Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency
Case 2 Church 5400 SF
Boiler Fire Rate 1.3 gal/hr 1,764 gallons/ 5,400
SF 0.32 gals/SF Base board
11
Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating
Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency
Case 3 Church 21,000 SF
Boiler Fire Rate 11-18 gal/hr 18,802 gallons/
44,000 SF 0.42 gals/SF Baseboard Heating
12
Determine building/heating efficiencyCalculating
Estimated Heating/Building System Efficiency
Case 4 13,000 SF
Boiler Fire Rate ? gal/hr 11,600 gallons/ 13,000
SF 0.9 gals/SF
13
Determine building/heating efficiency

• Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use

14
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel UseUsing a Data
Logger

• 50 device to determine hours that oil heating
  unit fires over a period of time (e.g., 1 week).
• A counter activated by vibration (logs time when
  vibration active)
• ENM Counting Instrument (unit shown below is an
  ENM T54C1)
• available at
• www.enmco.com

15
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel UseUsing a Data
Logger
Place counter on the burner and the device will
log the hours that the burner is firing
16
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel UseUsing a Data
Logger

• To calculate gallons of fuel used in a week
• Number hours logged X boiler firing rate
• NOTE number of hours logged represents hours
  recorded by data logger device over a week

17
Determine building heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel UseUsing a Data
Logger Determine Boiler Fire Rate
18
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel UseUsing a Data
Logger Determine Boiler Fire Rate
Steam Boiler 11-18 GPH (high/low firing rate)
19
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel UseUsing a Data
Logger Determine Furnace Fire Rate
20
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel UseUsing a Data
Logger Example

• Number hours logged X boiler firing rate
• Example
• data logger records 35 hours over a seven day
  period
• boiler fires at a rate of 2 gallons per hour
  (gph)
• 35 hours x 2 gph 70 gallons (over 7 days)
• This tells us that
• the boiler burns 10 gallons of fuel per day (70
  gallons / 7 days)
• the boiler fires for 5 hours per day (10 gallons
  per day / 2 gph)

21
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel UseUsing a Data
Logger tracking data in a spreadsheet
Data logger started at 76.8 as it could not be
reset to 0
Number hours logged X boiler firing
rate (example below 26.6 X 5.8 154.3 gallons
over 7 days)
22
Determine building/heating efficiency
Calculating Rate of Heating Fuel Use Using a
Data Logger What do the numbers mean?

• Data logger fuel rate calculation provides
• baseline fuel use for a typical winter week or
  month
• Excessive fuel use above this baseline
  calculation may indicate
• Boiler or furnace is out of calibration
• Current manual thermostat was left on after a
  meeting
• Programmable thermostat not programmed correctly
• Excessive use of the faith community facility
• Outdoor temperature sensor (if installed) has
  failed
• A window or door has been left open
• Ceiling fans have been turned off
• Also, helpful data for your boiler technician in
• maintaining your boiler and ensuring optimal
  settings

23
Identify common issues and problems Review
occupancy rate over a 7 day week
24
Identify cost effective solutionsinstall
programmable thermostats

• Replace manual thermostats with digital
• Another upgrade? Install an outdoor air
  temperature sensor to control boiler (requires
  hiring a heating technician)

25
Identify cost effective solutionsaddress air
circulation

• Airius Thermal Equalizers
• Installation of the units will help to stabilize
  the temperature
• Peak ceiling temperature are 5 to 10 degrees
  warmer than the floor.
• Available at Maine Green Building Supply

26
Faith Community Energy Assessment Top 4
Priorities

• Heating
• Insulation Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting

27
Insulation Building Envelope

• Determine efficiency of building envelope
• Calculate building/heating system efficiency (see
  previous section)
• Inspect building
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

28
Determine efficiency of building envelope
Inspect building for problem areas
Image adapted from http//www.energyauditgo.com/Wo
rk.html
29
Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building doors and windows
30
Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building attic access
Heat loss
31
Determine efficiency of building envelope Inspect
building for ice dams
32
Determine efficiency of building envelope
inspect building sill plates
Masonry Foundation
Concrete Foundation
33
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Insulation Values
R-value resistance to heat flow The higher the
R-value the better!
Adapted from the US Dept of Energy 1997
Insulation Fact Sheet
34
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Adapted from the US Dept of Energy 1997
Insulation Fact Sheet
35
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Sanctuary Ceiling R 1?
36
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Sanctuary R 38 Cellulose
Church Hall R 20
37
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate
Over 20 inches of blown in Cellulous Building was
a .2 gal/SF
38
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate lighting
39
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate sill plate
At a minimum insulate the sill plate area to
prevent cold air infiltration
40
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
where to insulate install plastic film over
single pane windows
41
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
install insulated doors (R12) in place of wooden
doors (R1)
HEAT LOSS!
42
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
install vapor barrier in crawl space
43
Faith Community Energy Assessment Top 4
Priorities

• Heating
• Insulation Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting

44
Hot Water System

• Overview of hot water system
• Assessing hot water system
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

45
Overview of Hot Water SystemsTypical hot water
systems for congregations

• Electric hot water heater
• 40 gallons average size
• no external controls

• Boiler hot water coil
• boiler on 24/7 and/or
• electric for non heating season

46
Overview of Hot Water SystemsTypical oil fired
boiler with hot water coil
Hot water coil
47
Overview of Hot Water SystemsNewer systems - oil
fired boiler with indirect hot water tank
Hot water to fixtures
Cold water in
Boiler hot water _at_ 140ºF - 180ºF circulates
through a coil immersed in the indirect hot water
tank transferring the heat to the domestic hot
water surrounding the coil and returns to the
boiler to be heated again.
Boiler
Indirect hot water storage tank with coil
48
Assessing hot water system

• Determine what you make hot water for typically
  congregations use hot water for restrooms,
  kitchens and dishwasher
• Determine how you make hot water electric tank,
  boiler, etc
• Determine when you make hot water days w/
  highest demand
• Determine how much hot water you make use table
  below as a guide (substitute units to match your
  congregation)

49
Identify common issues and problems

• Heater and pipes not insulated
• Hot water heater temperature set too high
• Water being heated when not in demand (heated 7
  days a week when only needed for 1 day)
• Water heater tied to heating system requiring
  boiler firing during non heating season
• Constant hot water circulation

50
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

• Reduce hot water temperature. If hot water is for
  general use (e.g., hand washing) reduce
  temperature to 120 degrees or less.
• Install a timer on your hot water tank
• One congregation saved 700 in a year
• One congregation spent 150 on a timer and saw a
  2 month pay back

51
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions 7
Day timer vs. 24 hour timer
www.tork.com
www.intermatic.com
52
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions On
Demand Tankless Water Heaters

• Heat water directly without the use of a storage
  tank
• When hot water tap is turned on, cold water
  travels into the unit and an electric element or
  gas fired coil heats the water. You only consume
  energy when you open the faucet
• No standby heat losses. Delivers a constant
  supply of hot water
• Two types
• Electric provide approximately 2 gallons per
  minute
• Gas-fired produce higher flow rates between 5 -
  8 gallons per minute
• Must have large domestic hot water demand to
  justify

53
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions On
Demand Tankless Water Heaters
Gas fired 1500- 2000 Electric 200- 400
54
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
tank vs. tankless
Rinnai tankless provides 240 gallons per hour
40 gallon electric tank provides 45 gallons per
hour
55
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Small Electric Water Heaters Ariston tankless
water heaters

• Ariston-Point-of-Use Water Heaters
• 2.75 Gallons - GL2.5  199.36
• 3.85 Gallons - GL4  216.29

56
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions On
Demand Tankless Water Heaters under sink model
57
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions
Insulate hot water piping
Heat loss with no insulation
58
Faith Community Energy Assessment Top 4
Priorities

• Heating
• Insulation Building Envelope
• Hot Water
• Lighting

59
Lighting

• Overview of lighting
• Assess lighting use and needs
• Identify common issues and problems
• Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

60
Overview of Lighting

• Fluorescent tube lighting
• T12 1 ½
• T8 1 inch
• T5
• Note If your fluorescent lighting has not been
  upgraded in the last 10
• years then it is most likely T-12
• Incandescent lights old fashioned light bulbs
• Compact fluorescent light bulbs
• Coming soon LEDs!

T-5s
T-12
61
Assess Use Needs of Lighting

• Take inventory of lights
• Inventory should by type and by area (room,
  hallway, sanctuary, meeting hall, etc.)
• Note be mindful of minimum lighting requirements
  (e.g. adequate lighting in stairwells)
• Assign hours per week that lights are on and
  determine cost

62
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

• Turn off lights (and other equipment) when not in
  use.
• Adjust lighting levels to match needs. Remove
  un-needed lighting check current lighting
  levels against IES recommended levels.
• Make use of free day lighting where possible
• Use high reflectance ceiling tiles and light
  colors on walls, partitions, and carpeting to
  carry daylight into interior space.

63
Identify cost effective, immediate solutions

• Replace incandescent bulbs with compact
  fluorescents (CFLs) wherever possible.
• CFLs only use only about half the energy, plus,
  they last 10-12 times as long, saving on
  replacement bulb cost and labor.
• Replace incandescent and fluorescent exit signs
  with light emitting diodes (LEDs) or the latest
  solid-state technology.
• LEDs exit signs use about 1/10th the energy of an
  incandescent bulb.
• Replace T-12 fluorescent fixtures with energy
  saving T-8 fixtures and electronic ballasts.

64
Identify cost effective, immediate
solutionsinstall occupancy sensors

• Install occupancy sensor switches in
  seldom-occupied areas
• Passive Infrared (PIR) which detects body heat
• Ultrasonic (US) units which detects body
  movement.
• Install controls on exterior lights.
• Install motion sensors, time clocks, or
  photoelectric sensors on exterior parking lots
  and security lighting.

65
Efficiency Maine Assistance

• Participants receive specified incentives for
  purchase of pre-qualified energy efficient
  equipment
• Prescriptive Incentives
• Lighting
• Motors
• HVAC
• Variable Frequency Drive for HVAC systems
• Project Pre-Approval IS REQUIRED for most
  prescriptive incentives
• Lighting Refrigeration in excess of 1,000
• HVAC Variable Frequency Drives
• Project Pre-Approval IS NOT REQUIRED for
• Three-Phase Motors
• Agricultural Measures

66
Words of wisdom found in the attic of a old
church built in the 1840s. Recent renovations to
the structure in 2002
In the year of the lord 2002, May the original
builder forgive our affront to their craft
67
Contact Information AJ Ballard at 207-522-7927
Efficiency Maine Energy Consultantajballard_at_susc
om-maine.net Shirley BartlettProgram Manager
Efficiency Maine 207-287-3318shirley.bartlett_at_ma
ine.gov Harry BrownMaine Interfaith Power and
Light [phone]harry_at_meipl.org
68
Alternative Energy for Faith Community
Buildings???Practical for large commercial
applications, not smaller buildings
Cuba Naval Station reduce 650,000 gallons
diesel fuel
3.3 KW PV at Falmouth High School (5 HP motor)
405,000 BTUs for heat energy per day (3 gals of
fuel oil per day)