Return to Normalcy

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Return to Normalcy
From Isolation to Depression The New Deal
America 1919-1938
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Return to Normalcy
Postwar Intolerance Pt. I
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I. Feelings at Home

• Renewed isolationism
• Post-war Intolerance
• Political conservatism
• Russian Revolution causes much concern

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II. The Russian Revolution

• November, 1917 Bolsheviks emerge
• Vladimir Lenin Peace, Land, Bread
• Bolshevism Russian withdrawal from WWI
• 1918 Treaty of Brest- Litovsk

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Policies

• Overthrow capitalism
• Worldwide Communist revolution
• Abolish free enterprise private property

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III. The Red Scare

• Communist Party in the U.S.
• Platform incites public fear
• A. Mitchell Palmer the Palmer Raids
• The Klan re-emerges

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IV. Labor Struggles

• 1919 Boston Police Strike
• 1919 U.S. Steel Mill Strike
• 1919 John L. Lewis the United Mine Workers
  Coal Miners Strike
• Loss of labor appeal

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Return to Normalcy
The Harding Administration
Pt. II
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I. Peaceful Approach

• 1920 Warren Harding elected ( 29-R)
• Normalcy defined
• 1921 Kellogg-Briand Pact
• Isolationism trouble
• 1922 Ford-McCumber Tariff

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Additional policies

• Revenue Act of 1921
• Packers Stockyard Act of 1921
• Grain Futures Act of 1921
• Agricultural Credits Act of 1923

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"Supreme" Decisions

• Schenck v. US (1919)
• Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (1922)
• Adkins v. Children's Hospital of 1923

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Foreign Affairs

• Washington Naval Conference of 1921
• Nine-powers treaty also accepted
• Treaty with Colombia 1922

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II. Intorerance

• Nativism re-appears
• Sacco Vanzetti
• Anti-Immigrant legislation
• Emergency Quota Act of 1921 (amended in 1924)
• National Origins Act of 1929

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III. The Teapot Dome Scandal

• Hardings cabinet problem
• The Ohio Gang
• 1923 The Teapot Dome Scandal
• August, 1923 Harding dies (avoiding
  prosecution)-Coolidge becomes 30

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Return to Normalcy
The Harlem Renaissance
Pt. III
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Black America Transforms

• 1910-1920 The Great Migration
• Ideologies
• Marcus Garvey The UNIA
• The Harlem Renaissance
• Writers, musicians, and impacts

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The Great Depression
The Stock Market Crash of 1929
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I. Industrial Troubles

• 1928 Herbert Hoover elected 31-(R) from Iowa!
• Production outweighed necessity
• Profit margins dwindled
• Railroads lost business
• Massive unemployment ensued

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II. Farming Troubles

• Demand declined post-WWI
• Loans were not re-payable
• Compensation over production
• McNary-Haugen Bill
• Price Supports

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III. Main Causes

• Speculation
• Buying on Margin
• Pay a small of a stocks price as down payment
  borrow the rest
• Prices rise good investors can sell inflated
  stocks for profit

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IV. The Crash

• Black Tuesday 10/29/29
• Prices of purchased stocks plummeted
• Most savings were lost
• 16 million shares dumped
• November investors had lost 30 billion The
  Great Depression

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Causes (Bulleted)

• Decaying industrial base
• Farming crisis
• Easy credit un-equal distribution
• Huge impact on countrys finances

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V. Financial Failure

• Dow Jones Industrial Average
• Money withdrawals
• Output declined bankruptcy business
  failure(s)
• Un-employment 3-25 by 1933
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act highest protective
  tariff in U.S. history

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The Great Depression
Hoover's "Rugged Individualism"
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I. Hoover's Philosophy

• Lack of confidence is foolish
• Many felt this was common economic practice
• Government should help solve economic woes

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Foundations

• Government fostered cooperation
• People succeed through their efforts
• Opposed federal welfare

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Cautious Steps

• Employers
• Labor Leaders
• More bankruptcy, soup kitchens misery

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II. Reactions

• 1930 Democrats win control of the House of
  Representatives
• Farm Holiday
• Shantytowns become Hoovervilles

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III. Federal Action

• Boulder Dam
• 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation
• 1933 Federal Home Loan Bank Act
• Ho(over) Out

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The New Deal
FDR to the Rescue
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I. FDR 32 (D)

• Two-term governor from NY
• Unemployment poverty reform-minded politician
• Created a Brain Trust
• 1933- The New Deal

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II. The Hundred Days

• 15 pieces of legislation passed
• March 5th, 1933 Bank Holiday
• Emergency Banking Relief
• Fireside Chats

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Bank Re-organization

• Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933
• FDIC established
• Federal Securities Act
• 1934 SEC
• 21st Amendment

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III. Additional Relief Measures

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
• Public Works Administration (PWA
• Civil Works Administration (CWA)
• Natl Industry Recovery Act (NIRA)
• Tenn. Valley Auth. (TVA) HOLC

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IV. Supreme Reactions

• Liberals
• Conservatives
• 1935 Supreme Court intervenes
• 1936 re-elected to a 2nd term
• Second New Deal emerges

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FDR's Reaction

• Court-packing
• Court-reform detailed
• Court begins to shift
• Resignations

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V. N.D. Impacts

• 1937 Countrys economic future was brightening
• Deficit Spending not an option
• Expanding govt role in the economy

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Additional Impacts

• Labor
• Price Parity
• Economic Recovery
• Social Security
• Social Security Act

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Conclusions

• Harding Administration
• Harlem Renaissance
• Coolidge Hoover
• The Great Depression
• FDR Pt. I II
• WWII is looming