IPv6:

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IPv6 Making The Dream Real Jawad
KhakiVice-President Windows Networking
CommunicationsMicrosoft Corporation
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Agenda

• Trends
• The Opportunity
• Key Problems
• The Promise of IPv6
• What is Microsoft doing
• Call to Action

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Evolution Of The Web
Transactions
Business
Presence
Publish Info
Process Transactions
Digital Economy
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TrendsPublic Network

• Data traffic exceeds Voice traffic
• Carriers shifting to network designs that favor
  packets
• High broadband adoption in geographies where
  available
• Carriers responding to demand
• Wireless deployments everywhere
• Rush to serve data over Cellular networks 2.5-3G
• WiFi usage growing rapidly

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TrendsComputing

• Moores Law still going strong
• Smaller, more computing devices every 18 months
• Miniaturization continues
• 100Gb per square inch hard disk density
• 128MB memory on a single chip
• Dramatic innovation towards longer battery time
• Low power CPUs from Intel, Transmeta, AMD
• Fuel Cell battery (1 month cell phone usage) in
  the horizon
• Smaller, lighter PC, PDA, phone designs enabling
  new networking scenarios
• TVs on Cell phones, Wearable computers, digital
  cash, eBooks

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TrendsApplications

• XML revolution leading to web services
• Peer-to-Peer enables compelling scenarios
• Presence a paradigm shift in Real Time
  Communications and Collaboration
• Net attached Consumer Electronics and Gaming
  appliances emerging
• Applications assuming always on connectivity,
  anywhere

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The Opportunity
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Key Problems

• Address Shortage
• Not enough IPv4 addresses available
• Disproportionate allocation
• Increasing number of devices and Always On
  experience exacerbate the problem
• Lack of Mobility
• Applications and network protocols break in
  mobile scenarios
• Network Security
• Always On Always attacked!

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Key ProblemsAddress Shortage
Extrapolating the number of DNS registered
addresses shows total exhaustion in 2009. But the
practical maximum is about 200 M addresses, in
2002-2003.
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Key ProblemsAddress Shortage

• Peer to Peer applications require
• Addressability of each end point
• Unconstrained inbound and outbound traffic
• Direct communication between end points using
  multiple concurrent protocols
• NATs are a band-aid to address shortage
• Block inbound traffic on listening ports
• Constrain traffic to understood protocols
• Create huge barrier to deployment of P2P
  applications

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Key ProblemsLack of Mobility

• Existing applications and networking protocols do
  not work with changing IP addresses
• Applications do not reconnect when a new IP
  address appears
• TCP drops session when IP address changes
• IPSEC hashes across IP addresses, changing
  address breaks the Security Association
• Mobile IPv4 solution is not deployable
• Foreign agent reliance not realistic
• NATs and Mobile IPv4? Just say NO

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Key ProblemsNetwork Security

• Always On Always attacked!
• Consumers deploying NATs and Personal Firewalls
• Enterprises deploying Network Firewalls
• NATs and Network Firewalls break end-to-end
  semantics
• Barrier to deploying Peer to Peer applications
• Barrier to deploying new protocols
• Block end-to-end, authorized, tamper-proof,
  private communication
• No mechanisms for privacy at the network layer
• IP addresses expose information about the user
• No transparent way to restrict communication
  within network boundaries

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The Promise of IPv6

• Enough addresses
• 6464 format 1.8E19 networks, units
• assuming IPv4 efficiency 1E16 networks, 1
  million networks per human
• 20 networks per m2 of Earth (2 per sqft )
• Removes need to stretch addresses with NATs
• True mobility
• No reliance on Foreign Agents
• Better network layer security
• IPSec delivers end-to-end security
• Link/Site Local addresses allow partitioning
• Anonymous addresses provide privacy

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The Promise of IPv6Example Multiparty
Conference, using IPv6
P1
P2
Home LAN
Home LAN
Internet
Home Gateway
Home Gateway
P3

• With a NAT
• Brittle workaround.
• With IPv6
• Just use IPv6 addresses

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The Promise of IPv6If IPv6 is so great, how come
it is not there yet?

• Applications
• Need upfront investment, stacks, etc.
• Similar to Y2K, 32 bit vs. clean address type
• Network
• Need to ramp-up investment
• No push-button transition

networks
?
applications
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What is Microsoft doing

• Building a complete IPv6 stack in Windows
• Technology Preview stack in Win2000
• Developer stack in Windows XP
• Deployable stack in .NET Server update for
  Windows XP
• Windows CE planned
• Supporting IPv6 with key applications protocols
• File sharing, Web (IIS, IE), Games (DPlay), Peer
  to Peer platform, UPnP
• Building v4-gtv6 transition strategies
• Scenario focused tool-box

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What is Microsoft doingIPv6 deployment tool-box

• IPv6 stateless address auto-configuration
• Router announces a prefix, client configures an
  address
• 6to4 Automatic tunneling of IPv6 over IPv4
• Derives IPv6 /48 network prefix from IPv4 global
  address
• Automatic tunneling of IPv6 over UDP/IPv4
• Works through NAT, may be blocked by firewalls
• ISATAP Automatic tunneling of IPv6 over IPv4
• For use behind a firewall.

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What is Microsoft doingRecommended Strategies

• In the home
• Use IPv6 if available,
• Or use 6to4 if global IPv4 address,
• Or use IPv6 over UDP
• In the enterprise
• Use IPv6 ISP or 6to4 for external access,
• Use ISATAP while upgrading the network

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What is Microsoft doingAddressing hard problems

• Domain Names and IPv6 have issues
• Peer to Peer applications require dynamic
  registration of IPv6 address
• DDNS is hard to deploy securely on the internet
• Workarounds require building alternate namespaces
  or avoiding names altogether
• Ease of use is a must
• Need an easy way to get Mobile IPv6 addresses
• Need an easy way to resolve names in a IPv6
  Ad-hoc network (DNS Server not reachable)

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In Summary We Build Together

• Microsoft is moving quickly to enable Windows
  platforms for IPv6
• Up to date information on
• http//www.microsoft.com/ipv6/
• Send us feedback and requirements
• mailtoipv6-fb_at_microsoft.com
• We need your help to move the world to a simple
  ubiquitous network based on IPv6

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Call to Action

• Network Providers Build it and they will come
• Do not settle for NATs for new designs
• Demand IPv6 support on all equipment
• Offer native IPv6 services
• Device Vendors Design for the simpler,
  ubiquitous IPv6 internet
• Application Writers Dont wait on the above
• Use Windows XP and Windows .NET Server NOW!

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Microsoft Vision
Empower peoplethrough great software anytime,
anyplace,and on any device
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Background Material
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6to4 tunnel IPv6 over IPv4
1.2.3.4
192.88.99.1
2002102304b
3001234c
6to4-A
Relay
C
Native IPv6
A
IPv4 Internet
2002506708b
B
Relay
6to4-B
5.6.7.8
192.88.99.1

• 6to4 router derive IPv6 prefix from IPv4 address,
  
• 6to4 relays advertise reachability of prefix
  2002/16
• Automatic tunneling from 6to4 routers or relays
• Single address (192.88.99.1) for all relays

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ISATAP IPv6 behind firewall

• ISATAP router provides IPv6 prefix
• Host complements prefix with IPv4 address
• Direct tunneling between ISATAP hosts
• Relay through ISATAP router to IPv6 local or
  global

D
IPv6 Internet
IPv4 Internet
IPv4 FW
IPv6 FW
ISATAP
Firewalled IPv4 network
Local native IPv6 network
B
C
A
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IPv6 over UDP through NAT
C

• IPv6 / UDP
• IPv6 prefix IP address UDP port
• Servers
• Address discovery
• Default route
• Enable shortcut (A-B)
• Relays
• Send IPv6 packets directly to nodes
• Works for all NAT

IPv6 Internet
Relay
IPv4 Internet
Server
NAT
NAT
B
A