History of Artificial Intelligence

1
History of Artificial Intelligence

• Daria
  Podbiol

2
The Era of the Computer

• 1941 First Electronic computer
• revolutionized every aspect of the storage and
  processing of information.
• 1949 First comercial stored program
• invention of an electronic means of processing
  data

3
The Beginnings of AI (1950s)

• John McCarthy regarded as the father of AI the
  Dartmouth conference in 1956 first use of term
  Artificial Intelligence
• Norbert Wiener - feedback theory
• example of that theory is the thermostat
• Newell and Simon - The Logic Theorist,
  (considered to be the first AI program)

4
Knowledge Expansion

• In 1958 McCarthy announced new development - the
  LISP language (LISt Processing)
• SHRDLU - part of the microworlds project
• the late 1960's 2 programs
• STUDENT - algebra problems
• SIR - understand simple English sentences

5
The Specialization of Various AI Studies (1970's)

• expert systems - Edward Feigenbaum
• language analysis - Roger Schank
• knowledge representation for mental constructs -
  Marvin Minsky
• automatic learning and the nature of heuristics
  -Douglas Lenat
• computer vision - David Marr
• PROLOG language - convenient higher language for
  AI researhes.

6
The Unfulfilled Expectations (1980's)

• XCON - the first expert system in industrial
  world
• AI boom - the number of AI groups increased
• Milions spent on developing the AI
• These seemingly intelligent programs simply make
  dumb decisions faster Mavin Minsky
• late 80's - downfall of AI industry

7
AI Being Incorporated in War (early 1990's)

• Operation Desert Storm
• Two projects successing the Automated Land
  Vehicle project
• Pilot's Associate project (electronic copilot)
• Battle Management System project (military expert
  systems).

8
New AI Applications (late 1990's)

• In 1996 - the victory of Deep Blue over chess
  champion Kasparov
• AI gaming
• Genetic Engineering
• Bioinformatics

9
A.I algorithms are used

• Cars(ABS and cruise control)
• Air Conditioners
• Video Games
• Movies (Lord of the rings)
• Digital cameras
• On the stock exchange
• Googles search engine

10
Bibliography

• http//www.generation5.org/content/1999/aihistory.
  asp
• http//abstractdimension.com/index.php/category/te
  chnology/
• http//library.thinkquest.org/2705/history.html