College and University Fire Prevention

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College and UniversityFire Prevention

• Oklahoma State Fire Marshals Office

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State Adopted Codes

• 1999 BOCA Building Code
• 1999 BOCA Fire Prevention Code
• 1997 NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

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Occupancy Classification

• The use group is determined by the subject being
  taught
• Most instructional areas are Business Use Group
• Areas with more than 50 occupants are Assembly
• Laboratories with chemicals have special
  requirements
• Dormitories are R-2 Residential Use Group

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Business Use Occupancies

• Means of Egress Components
• Doors NFPA 101 5-2.1
• Delayed egress to comply with NFPA 101
  5-2.1.6.1
• Access-controlled egress to comply with NFPA 101
  5-2.1.6.2

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Business Use Occupancies

• Stairs comply with NFPA 5-2.2
• Number of EXITS
• Two separate exits
• Provided on every story
• Accessible from every part of every story and
  mezzanine
• With exceptions 1 through 4 permitted
• NFPA 101 27-2.4.1

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Business Use Occupancies

• No dead-end corridor may exceed 50 feet
• NFPA 101 27-2.5.2

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Business Use Occupancies

• Arrangement of means of egress
• No common path of travel may exceed 75 feet
• NFPA 101 27-2.5.3
• Travel distance to Exit may not exceed 200 feet
• NFPA 101 27-2.6

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Business Use Occupancies

• Emergency Lighting is required when
• The building is two or more stories in height
• The occupancy is subject to 100 or more occupants
  above or below the level of discharge
• The occupancy is subject to 1,000 occupants
• Windowless or underground

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Business Use Occupancies

• Means of egress are required to have signs
• NFPA 101 27-2.10
• Vertical Openings
• Every stairway, elevator shaft, escalator
  opening, and other vertical opening shall b e
  enclosed or protected in accordance with 6-2.4.5
  with exceptions 1 through 5
• NFPA 10127-3.1

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Business Use Occupancies

• Interior wall and ceiling finish is required to
  be Class A or Class B in exits and enclosed
  corridors
• Interior wall and ceiling finish is required to
  be Class A, Class B, or Class C in other areas
• NFPA 10127-3.4

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Business Use Occupancies

• Fire Alarm systems are required when
• The building is two or more stories in height
  above the level of exit discharge
• The occupancy is subject to 100 or more occupants
  above or below the level of discharge
• The occupancy is subject to 1,000 or more total
  occupants
• NFPA 101 27-3.4.1

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Residential Occupancies - Dormitories

• Definition Dormitories
• Buildings or spaces in buildings where group
  sleeping accommodations are provided for more
  than 16 persons who are not members of the same
  family in one room or a series of closely
  associated rooms under joint occupancy and single
  management, with or without meals, but without
  individual cooking facilities

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Dormitories

• Doors
• No door in any means of egress shall be locked
  against egress when the building is occupied with
  exception of delayed egress locks complying with
  NFPA 101 5-2.1.6.1 and access-controlled egress
  doors complying with NFPA 101 5-2-1.6.2
• NFPA 101 17-2.2.2

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Delayed Egress Doors

• Approved, listed, delayed egress locks are
  permitted in buildings protected throughout by an
  approved, supervised automatic fire detection
  system, or an approved, supervised automatic fire
  sprinkler system provide that

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Delayed Egress Doors

• The doors unlock upon actuation of an approved,
  supervised automatic sprinkler system or upon
  actuation of any heat detector or not more than
  two smoke detectors of an approved, supervised
  automatic fire detection system

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Delayed Egress Doors

• The doors unlock upon loss of power controlling
  the lock or locking mechanism

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Delayed Egress Doors

• The doors unlock upon disablement of the
  automatic fire detection system, sprinkler
  system, or the means of sprinkler system
  supervision

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Delayed Egress Doors

• An irreversible process releases the lock within
  15 seconds upon application to the release device
  required for not more than 3 seconds
• The initiation shall activate a signal near the
  door

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Delayed Egress Doors

• On the door adjacent to the release device, there
  is a readily visible, durable sign in letters at
  least 1 inch height and at least 1/8 inch stroke
  that reads
• PUSH DOOR UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS
• DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 SECONDS

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Access Controlled Doors

• Access-controlled egress doors are permitted to
  be equipped with an approved entrance and egress
  system provide that
• A sensor is provided on the egress side arranged
  to detect an occupant approaching the doors and
  the doors are arranged to unlock upon detection
  of approaching occupant or loss of power

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Access Controlled Doors

• Loss of power to that part of the access control
  system that locks the doors automatically unlocks
  the doors
• The doors are arranged to unlock from a manual
  release device located 40 inches to 48 inches
  vertically above the floor within 5 feet of the
  secured doors. The manual release device shall
  be readily accessible and read
• PUSH TO EXIT

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Doors Access Controlled Doors

• When operated, the manual release device shall
  result in direct interruption of power to the
  lock -- independent of the access control system
  electronics -- and the doors shall remain
  unlocked for at least 30 seconds

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Access Controlled Doors

• Activation of the building automatic sprinkler or
  fire detection system automatically unlocks the
  doors
• The doors remain unlocked until the
  fire-protective signaling system has been
  manually reset

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Dormitory Egress

• Not less than two exits shall be accessible from
  every floor, including floors below the level of
  exit discharge and occupied for public purposes
• NFPA 101 17-2.3.1

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Dormitory Egress

• No common path of travel shall exceed 35 feet
• NFPA 101 17-2.5.2
• No dead-end corridor shall exceed 50 feet
• NFPA 101 17-2.5.3

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Dormitory Egress

• Means of egress shall be illuminated
• NFPA 101 17-2.8
• Emergency lighting is required in all buildings
  with more than 25 rooms
• NFPA 101 17-2.9
• Means of egress is required to have signs
• NFPA 101 17-2.10

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Dormitories - Protection of Vertical Openings

• Every stairway, elevator shaft, and other
  vertical opening shall be enclosed or protected
• Exceptions 1 through 5

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Get Out and Stay Alive

• United States Fire Administration 16825 South
  Seton Avenue Emmitsburg, MD 21727
  [phone]
  Internet htt//www.usfa.fema.gov

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Dormitory - Protection from Hazards

• The following areas are deemed hazardous and
  require 1-hour separation or sprinklers
• Boiler and fuel-fired heater rooms serving more
  than a single guest room
• Employee locker rooms, gift or retail shops
• Bulk laundries, guest laundries over 100 sq ft
• Maintenance shops, trash rooms, storage rooms
• NFPA 101 17-3.2.2

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Dormitory - Interior Finish

• Interior wall and ceiling finish material are
  required to comply with 6-5.5
• Exit enclosures Class A or Class B
• Other spaces Class A, Class B, or Class C
• NFPA 101 17-3.3.3

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Dormitory - Interior Finish

• Curtains, draperies, and other similar loosely
  hanging furnishings and decorations are required
  to be flame resistant
• NFPA 101 17-3-3.4

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Dormitory Detection Alarm

• A fire alarm system is required in all dormitory
  buildings, except where each room has an exterior
  exit door
• NFPA 101 17-3.4.1

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Dormitory Detection Alarm

• Initiation
• Manual means
• At any control station or desk
• By the sprinkler system or fire detection system
• NFPA 101 17-3.4.2
• Sleeping room smoke detectors are not required to
  initiate the building fire alarm system

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Dormitory Detection Alarm

• Occupant notification shall be provided
  automatically
• NFPA 101 17-3.4.3.1
• Immediate notification of the public fire
  department by telephone or other means
• NFPA 17-4.3.2

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Dormitory Detection Alarm

• An approved, single-station smoke alarm is
  required to be installed in every guest room and
  every living area and sleeping room within a
  guest suite
• The alarms are not required to be interconnected
• Single-station smoke alarms without secondary
  power source are permitted
• NFPA 10117-3.4.4.2

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Dormitory Extinguishing Requirements

• In buildings up to and including 4 stories NFPA
  13R sprinkler systems are permitted
• NFPA 101 17-3.5.1
• All high-rise (more than75 ft in height)
  buildings shall be protected throughout by an
  approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system
  installed in accordance with NFPA 13
• NFPA 101 17-3.5.2

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Dormitory Extinguishing Requirements

• Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in
  hazardous areas and throughout the building to
  NFPA 10
• NFPA 101 17-3.5.3

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Dormitory Corridors

• Exit access corridor walls shall consist of fire
  barriers having a minimum of
• ½-hour fire resistance rating
• NFPA 101 17-3.6.1

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Dormitory Corridor Doors

• Doors that open onto exit access corridors shall
  have a minimum 20-min fire protection rating in
  accordance with 6-2.3
• NFPA 101 17-3.6.2
• Doors that open onto exit access corridors shall
  be self-closing and self-latching
• NFPA 101 17-3.6.3

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Dormitory Corridor Doors

• Unprotected openings shall be prohibited in exit
  access corridor walls and doors
• NFPA 101 17-3.6.4

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Dormitory Corridor Doors

• Transoms, louvers, or transfer grilles shall be
  prohibited in walls or doors of exit access
  corridors (see exceptions in code)
• NFPA 101 17-3.6.5

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Precautions Against Fire

• Required fire doors and smoke barrier doors shall
  be maintained in good working order, including
  the hardware necessary for the proper operation
  thereof
• Fire door assemblies shall not be modified
• BOCA Fire Prevention Code - 303.4

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Precautions Against Fire

• Door stops, wedges and other unapproved hold-open
  devices are prohibited on fire doors
• BOCA F-303.4.1
• Swinging fire doors shall close from the
  full-open position and shall latch automatically
• BOCA F-303.4.2

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Precautions Against Fire

• Horizontal or vertical sliding and rolling fire
  doors shall be inspected and tested at least
  annually by the owner or legal building
  representative

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Precautions Against Fire

• Swinging fire doors shall have a maximum undercut
  of ¾ inch
• BOCA F-303.4.4
• Glazing installed in fire doors is required to
  comply with the building code
• BOCA F-303.4.5

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Precautions Against Fire

• All identified electrical hazards are required to
  be abated
• BOCA F-310.1
• Illumination is required for all service
  equipment areas, motor control centers and
  electrical panel boards
• BOCA F-310.2

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Precautions Against Fire

• Clearance of not less than 30 inches shall be
  provide between all electrical service equipment
  and storage
• BOCA 310.3
• Multiplug adaptors, such as cube adaptors,
  unfused plug strips or any other device not
  complying with NFPA 70 is prohibited
• BOCA 310.4

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Precautions Against Fire

• Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be a
  substitute for permanent wiring

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Precautions Against Fire

• Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be
  affixed to structures, extended through walls,
  ceilings or floors, or under doors or floor
  coverings, nor shall such cords be subject to
  environmental damage or physical impact
• BOCA F-310.5

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Precautions Against Fire

• Open junction boxes and open-wiring splices are
  prohibited
• Approved covers are to be provided for all switch
  and electrical outlet boxes
• BOCA F-310.6

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Precautions Against Fire

• Electrical appliances and fixtures shall be
  tested and listed in published reports or
  inspected electrical equipment by an approved
  agency
• BOCA F-310.7

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Precautions Against Fire

• All fire protection systems that were installed
  in compliance with any law, ordinance or order,
  shall be maintained in an operative condition at
  all times
• BOCA F-504.1
• All water sprinkler and water-spray extinguishing
  systems and standpipe systems shall be
  periodically inspected, tested, and maintained in
  accordance with the requirements of NFPA 25
• BOCA F-506.1

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Precautions Against Fire

• A structure is not permitted to be altered in any
  manner that will reduce the number of means of
  egress or the capacity of the means of egress
  below that which was required for the structure
  when constructed
• BOCA F-604.1

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Precautions Against Fire

• Structures shall not be occupied during repairs
  or alterations unless the required means of
  egress is maintained
• BOCA F-604.2

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Precautions Against Fire

• The means of egress is required to be maintained
  in a safe condition and available for immediate
  utilization and free of obstructions at all times
• BOCA F-605.1
• Security devices affecting means of egress shall
  be subject to approval
• BOCA F-605.1

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Precautions Against Fire

• An exit shall not be utilized for any purpose
  that interferes with its function as a means of
  egress
• BOCA F-606.1
• Combustible or flammable material is not to be
  placed, stored or kept in any portion of an exit,
  elevator car or hoistway, or at the bottom of a
  stairway
• BOCA F-606.1.1

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Precautions Against Fire

• All means of egress doors shall be readily
  openable from the side from which egress is to be
  made without a key, special knowledge, or effort
• BOCA F-608.1
• All doors that could mistaken as a means of
  egress are to be identified as to use or
  identified as Not an Exit

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Precautions Against Fire

• A fire safety plan and evacuation procedure is
  required to be submitted and approved for every
  high-rise building
• BOCA F-701.1

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Precautions Against Fire

• Decorations, furnishings and equipment impairing
  the visibility of egress sign are not permitted
• BOCA F-610.5

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Oklahoma State Fire Marshal 2401 N.W. 23rd
StreetSuite 4Oklahoma City, OK
73107405/522-5005