Rationale

1
Rationale

• The context of this unit is the successes and
  failures of the United States in providing
  leadership for the post-war world. These three
  decades began with great confidence abroad, the
  nation led the free world in an epic struggle
  with the Soviet Union at home, Americans enjoyed
  prosperity fueled by new technologies. After
  1963, however, much of the confidence and promise
  of the postwar period unraveled.

• The United States became entangled in the Vietnam
  War, sparking division and protest at home and
  questions about our leadership role abroad.
  Finally, the death of President Kennedy, the
  quagmire of American involvement in Southeast
  Asia, the decision of President Johnson not to
  run for a second term in the face of growing
  criticism of the war, the Watergate break-in and
  cover-up, and the resignation of President Nixon
  left Americans questioning themselves and their
  role in the world.

• Students will be interested to know that their
  parents were children and students during these
  decades. Parents and community members may be
  used as resources for this unit, and they can
  relate what it was like to grow up during these
  years.

2
Objectives

• Students will be able to
• Recognize the hatred which existed between the
  United States and the Soviet Union before and
  during the outbreak of the Cold War era.

• Recognize and describe how the relationship
  between the United States and the Soviet Union is
  depicted in movies.

• Define the concept of cold war.

• Explore the major historical/ political events
  occurring during this era that were directly
  related to the cold war.

• Discuss the dangers of the cold war

• Describe major Communist actions and the United
  States reactions to them.

3
World History
TENTH GRADE
By Alex Neidhard
4
Outline for Todays Class

• Define Hatred..

• Watch a short clip from a movie and reflect on
  what the clip meant to us.

• Define the cold war.

• Soviet Expansion and why?

• Policy of containment and the Truman Doctrine?

• The Marshall Plan?

• The Berlin Airlift?

• Military Alliances.

• The Korean War

• The Cuban Missile Crisis

5
What is Hatred?
Do you have hatred towards anyone? If so,
could you describe what it feels like?
6
Major Things To Look For Which Symbolize Hatred,
Power, Struggle

• The strength of both boxers.

• The way the boxers look at one another.

• How both fighters continue to fight after each
  round has ended.

• How both boxers pound on each other.

• The soviet fans.

• The outcome of the Match.

7
Reflection of Rocky IV

• How did you feel when watching the movie clip?

• Explain one of the main points that symbolized
  hatred, power, and struggle.

8
The Cold War

• What does the term cold war mean?

• A war fought only in the winter.

• A battle between people and the flu.

• A state of tension and hostility, without armed
  conflict.

9
Expansion of Soviet Influence

• Toward the end of World War II, Soviet Troops
  had moved into Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and
  Bulgaria, which in turn forced many Germans to
  move westward. After the war, new governments
  were set up in the countries of Eastern Europe.
  Coalitions of communists and non-communists were
  formed in these governments. However,
  non-communists were forced out, as were
  communists who were not loyal to Stalin. By
  1948, all Eastern European country governments
  were under communist control.(These countries are
  also known as Soviet satellites and/ or Soviet
  blocs!)

• Before WWII ended, Stalin said that the Soviet
  Union needed a buffer zone of friendly
  governments in Eastern Europe to prevent any
  future German attacks. However, many West
  Europeans and Americans were skeptical due to
  Stalins expansion of communism and his quest for
  world domination. Evidence of this quest was
  evident in Greece, where communists were involved
  in a civil war against the Greek government and
  Turkey, where the USSR renounced a friendship
  pact and demanded the right to fortify the
  straits between the Black Sea and the
  Mediterranean Sea.

10
Containment The Truman Doctrine

• In response to soviet expansion in Eastern
  Europe, George Kennan, a U.S. diplomat, urged a
  policy of containment. The U.S., he said, should
  contain the Soviets within their current
  boundaries by applying political, economic, and,
  if necessary, military pressure whenever the
  Soviets tried to expand.

• Fearing that the communists were going to win
  the Greek Civil War and overthrow the Greek
  government, U.S. President Harry Truman
  proclaimed the Truman Doctrine. The Truman
  Doctrine stated that the U.S. would support free
  people resisting attempted subjugation
  (domination) by armed minorities or by outside
  pressures.

• Congress approved 400 million in economic
  assistance to Greece and Turkey. With this aid,
  the Greek government defeated the communists and
  the Turks were able to withstand Soviet pressure.

11
The Marshall Plan

• The United States responded to the threat of
  communist expansion with large scale economic aid
  to the war-ravaged nations of Europe. Recovery
  from the war was proving to be extremely
  difficult. After a trip to Europe in 1947,
  Secretary of State George Marshall who is shown
  here, feared that nations that could not deal
  with the problems of hunger, poverty,
  desperation, and chaos were in danger of
  revolution and collapse.

• Therefore in June 1947, George Marshall
  proposed that the United States organize and fund
  a program of European recovery (a.k.a. THE
  MARSHALL PLAN). Under this program, all European
  nations, including those in the Soviet blocs,
  were invited to participate. Czechoslovakia and
  Poland seemed to be very interested, but it
  became clear that the USSR would not allow them
  to participate. The Soviets attacked this plan
  as Yankee Imperialism and no soviet blocs took
  part in the plan.

12
The Marshall Plan cont

• Between 1948 and 1952, the United States poured
  12 billion of aid into Western Europe.

• The Marshall Plan holstered the governments and
  economics of Western Europe and stimulated
  industrial growth, and therefore, reduced the
  danger of a communist revolution.

13
The Berlin Airlift

• In 1948, the cold war came close to becoming a
  hot war! The Soviet Union wanted to prevent
  the U.S., Britain, and France from combining
  their 3 German Occupational zones into one zone.
  The Soviets feared this combined zone would be
  the first step toward a strong, reunified Germany
  which would threaten Soviet power.

• June, 1948 Soviets stopped all road, rail,
  and river traffic through East Germany into West
  Berlin in hope that this would force Western
  powers to give up Berlin. President Truman
  ordered an immediate airlift of food and other
  supplies into West Berlin. When winter came,
  extra planes were added to bring coal. This
  airlift continued until May 1949, when the
  Soviets lifted their blockade.

• Berlin continued to be a focus of the cold war
  because of its location within East Germany.
  Between 1949 and 1961, thousand of East Germans
  fled into West Berlin. In 1961, the East German
  government built a wall (known as the Berlin
  Wall) between East and West Berlin to stop the
  flow of people. War seemed possible, but the
  crisis soon passed!

14
Military
Alliances

• By 1949, Europe was clearly divided into 2
  camps. One, led by the USSR championed
  communism. The other, led by the United States,
  favored democracy. This split was reflected in
  the military alliances that formed.

• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  was formed in April, 1949. Representatives of
  the United States, Canada, and 10 other Western
  European nations signed a mutual defense treaty
  in which its members agreed to go to the aid of
  any other member who was being attacked by an
  outsider. Greece and Turkey joined in 1952 and
  West Germany joined in 1955.

• The Soviet Union responded by creating its own
  alliance, the Warsaw Pact. This alliance
  included the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern
  European nations that agreed to provide immediate
  assistance if any of them went to war.

15
The Korean War

• In 1950, war broke out between North and South
  Korea. Russian troops occupied the northern zone
  and established a communist government under Kim
  Il-Sung. In the southern zone, American forces
  supported a non-communist government under
  Syngman Rhee. The United States convinced the UN
  to approve a police action to stop the North
  Korean invasion. The United States furnished
  most of the military forces that fought under the
  UN banner in Korea.

16
The Korean War cont

• After a bloody three years of fighting, an
  armistice was signed by the North Koreans and the
  United States in July of 1953. This agreement
  restored the boundary between North Korea and
  South Korea at the 38th parallel.

17
The Cuban Missile Crisis

• In 1962, a crisis over Cuba threatened to
  explode into a nuclear war between the United
  States and the Soviet Union. In October of 1962,
  President Kennedy revealed that the USSR was
  building missile launch pads in Cuba. The U.S.
  demanded that the missiles be dismantled. The
  soviets declined the request by the U.S., so in
  response, the United States imposed a naval
  blockade on Cuba to prevent soviet ships from
  bringing more missiles to Cuba. Soviet ships
  approached Cuba, but turned back just as they
  approached the blockade. Krushchev, the Soviet
  premier, ordered the missiles bases dismantled
  which ended the crisis.

18
The Cuban Missile Crisis cont

• At about the same time the Cuban missile crisis
  was being resolved the United States was
  becoming involved in a war in Southeast Asia.
  President Kennnedy sent military advisors and
  equipment to the government of South Vietnam, who
  were fighting communist guerillas. Americas
  involvement with Vietnam developed into a full
  fledged War, as we will read about later in the
  quarter.

19
Review of Todays Class

• Define Hatred..

• Watch a short clip from a movie and reflect on
  what the clip meant to us.

• Define the cold war.

• Soviet Expansion and why?

• Policy of containment and the Truman Doctrine?

• The Marshall Plan?

• The Berlin Airlift?

• Military Alliances.

• The Korean War

• The Cuban Missile Crisis