The Chinese Civil War

1
The Chinese Civil War
2
Review

• What dynasty was overthrown in 1911-12?
• Qing
• Who became the first president of China?
• Sun Yat-Sen
• What were Suns 3 Principles of the People?
• Democracy, Nationalism, and Livelihood
• What general helped Sun in exchange for becoming
  president?
• Yuan Shi-Kai
• What was the name of Suns political party?
• Kuomintang
• What was the major problem facing China after
  Yuan Shi-Kais death?
• Warlords controlled the country

3
Suns Last Years

• Warlords still controlled most of country
• Under Sun Yat-Sen, his party the Kuomintang
  controlled the government
• Also called nationalists
• Communists worked with him
• Received aid from USSR
• Names Chiang Kai-Shek the new leader of the
  government
• Begins taking back countryside by force

4
The Northern Expedition

• Northern Expedition was Chiangs campaigns
  against the warlords
• Unified China
• Government recognized by Western powers
• Encouraged merging of traditional values with
  modernization
• KMT turned on the communists in 1927
• Chiang did not trust them
• Executed most and drove rest into hiding.
• Basically makes Chiang a dictator

5
Manchuria and the west very tentatively held
eventually
Beijing taken in 1928
Shanghai taken in 1926
At first only controlled this part
6
Communists on the run

• Surviving communists flee to a remote area of
  southern China
• Mao Zedong became leader
• Former librarians assistant
• Developed own unique version of communism that
  stressed the importance of peasants
• Chiang launches extermination campaigns against
  communists
• Communists famous for guerilla warfare
• Eventually forced to flee

7
The Long March 1934-35

• 100,000 communists and their families escape from
  nationalists
• Make 6,000 mile journey on foot
• Continuous attacks by nationalists
• Cements Mao as leader
• Gains following among peasants
• Only about 7,000 survive

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
Japan Invades

• 1931 Japan invades Manchuria
• Chiang too worried about communists
• Invade due to railway blast near a base of theirs
  on the coast.
• Make it puppet state called Manchukuo
• 1937 Japan invades China Proper
• Expected to conquer all in 3 months
• Communists and nationalists forced to work
  together

11
Rape of Nanking

• Massacre of as many as 300,000 in 1937-38
• Japanese angry over own casualties
• Japanese saw Chinese as sub-human due to culture
  and surrender
• Way of toughening up Japanese soldiers
• Foreign Red Cross workers witnessed atrocities
• Events such as this still creates hatred between
  Chinese and Japanese today

12
Pictures from Nanking
13
(No Transcript)
14
WW2 in China

• US sent supplies and aid to nationalists in fight
  against Japanese
• Communists have more of an impact using guerilla
  warfare
• Over 10 million Chinese deaths
• At least 7 million are civilians
• More Japanese troops fought and died in China
  than anywhere else

15
After WWII

• Communist troops were much better fighters
• Had peasants on side 70 of population
• Captured Manchuria in 1947 and pushed south
• Nationalists often corrupt
• U.S. gave them aid. Often kept it for selves.
• In 1949 Nationalists flee for Taiwan
• Set up Chiang as dictator. Today is democracy
• Mao becomes Chairman of communist China

16
Results

• Mainland China becomes communist
• Technical name Peoples Republic of China
• Today has UN Security Council seat
• Taiwan was the only China recognized by the
  U.S. until the 1970s
• Key U.S. ally
• Mainland China refuses to recognize it as
  independent

Believed that 2.5 million killed in Civil War in
addition to 10 million in WWII and 4 million
during warlord era.