Cancer care Importance and implementation

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Cancer care - Importance and implementation

• Ym.Dr.K.G.Varghese
• Past Regional Director ASD Coordinator

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Area Regional Project 4 CProgram Create
awareness Care and support to victims Counseling
to victims family Compassion to the terminally
ill
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What is cancer?

• Cancer is a term used for diseases in which
  abnormal cells divide without control and are
  able to invade other tissues.
• Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases.
  
• Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the
  body

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Classification

• There are more than 100 different types of
  cancer.
• The main categories of cancer include
• Carcinoma - cancer that begins in the skin
• Sarcoma - cancer that begins in bone, cartilage
  or supportive tissue
• Leukemia - cancer that starts in blood-forming
  tissue
• Lymphoma and myeloma - cancers that begin in the
  cells of the immune system
• Central nervous system cancers

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Incidence

• GLOBAL It is estimated that about 9 million new
  cancer cases are diagnosed every year and over
  4.5 million people die of cancer each year in the
  world.
• INDIA The estimated number of new cancers in
  India per year is about 7 lakhs and over 3.5
  lakhs people die of cancer each year.

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Early detection

• Some common cancers are easier to treat and
  cure if they are found early.
• Recognizing symptoms
• Regular checkups
• Self examinations

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How do I know if I am at risk for cancer?

• Your risk for cancer is affected by the
  following
• Using tobacco products, such as cigarettes or
  chewing tobacco
• Consumption of alcohol
• Fatty diet
• Being exposed to chemicals that can cause cancer
• Being at risk for skin cancer

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Screening test for women

• Breast cancer
• Clinical breast exam once in every 3 years till
  the age of 40.
• All women at age 40 and older should have a
  mammogram (an X-ray of your breasts) every 1-2
  years

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Screening test for women

• Cervical cancer
• Have Pap smears at least every three years
• There are 13 types of viruses that have been
  linked to cervical cancer, and this test can
  detect abnormal cells before cancer forms.
• You should have your first Pap smear when you
  start having sex or by age 18.

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Screening test for men

• Prostate cancer
• Factors such as family history, age and race play
  a part in the risk of prostate cancer.
• Prostate cancer can be detected early by
• Digital rectal exam.
• Blood test called the PSA test

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Premalignant condition

• A premalignant condition is a disease, syndrome
  or finding that, if left untreated, may lead to
  cancer.
• A stage of abnormal tissue growth that is likely
  or predisposed to develop into a malignant tumor.

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Treatment

• Choice of cancer treatment is influenced by
  several factors, including the specific
  characteristics of your cancer your overall
  condition and whether the goal of treatment is
  to cure your cancer, keep your cancer from
  spreading, or to relieve the symptoms caused by
  cancer. 

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Treatment

• Depending on these factors, you may receive
  one or more of the following
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Hormonal therapy
• Targeted therapy
• Biological therapy
• One or more treatment modalities may be used
  to provide you with the most effective treatment

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Cancer prevention7 steps to reduce your risk

• Step 1 Don't use tobacco
• Avoiding tobacco in any form significantly
  reduces your risk of several cancers, including
• Lung
• Esophagus
• Voice box (larynx)
• Mouth
• Bladder
• Kidney
• Pancreas
• Cervix
• Stomach
• Acute myeloid leukemia

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Step 2 Eat a variety of healthy food

• Eat foods from plant-based sources
• Limit fat
• Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all

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Step 3 Stay active and maintain a healthy weight

• Obesity may be a risk factor for cancers of the
  prostate, colon, rectum, uterus, ovaries and
  breast.
• Physical activity can help you avoid obesity by
  controlling your weight

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Step 4 Protect yourself from the sun

• Avoid peak radiation hours
• Stay in the shade
• Cover exposed areas
• Don't skimp on sunscreen
• Don't use indoor tanning beds or sunlamps

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Step 5 Get immunized

• Hepatitis B
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)

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Step 6 Avoid risky behaviors

• Reduce your risk of certain cancers by
  avoiding risky behaviors that can lead to
  infections that may increase your risk of cancer.
  Viruses transmitted sexually or by sharing
  contaminated needles include
• HPV
• HIV
• Hepatitis B and C

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Step 7 Get screened

• Regular screening and self-examination for
  certain cancers may not prevent cancer, but it
  can increase your chances of discovering cancer
  early-when treatment is more likely to be
  successful
• Be aware of changes in your body- this may help
  you detect cancer early, increasing your chances
  of successful treatment. If you notice any
  changes, see your doctor.

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Rehabilitation

• Cancer rehabilitation is the process that assists
  a person with cancer in obtaining maximum
  physical, social, psychological, and work-related
  functioning during and after cancer treatment.
• Cancer rehabilitation focuses on regaining
  physical function and independence, often
  following surgical and medical therapies that may
  have left an individual unable to resume his or
  her prior lifestyle without some level of
  assistance.

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Rehabilitation

• Cancer rehabilitation may improve quality of life
  by
• Reducing pain through the use of medications and
  pain management techniques
• Improving dietary habits through nutritional
  counseling
• Improving physical condition and performance
  levels through exercise programs that help to
  build strength, endurance, and mobility

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Rehabilitation

• Providing smoking cessation education and
  support
• Improving social, emotional, and mental
  functioning through patient and family education
  and counseling on stress, anxiety, and depression
  management
• Providing assistance with activities of daily
  living such as eating, drinking, dressing,
  bathing, using the toilet, cooking, and basic
  housekeeping

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Rehabilitation

• Reducing sleep problems
• Reducing the number of hospitalizations
• Maximizing physical strengths to compensate for
  limitations

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Rehabilitation

• Reducing dependency on caretakers in the home and
  fostering independence
• Helping the patient to adjust to actual,
  perceived and potential losses

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Rehabilitation of family of cancer patient

• The rehabilitation oncology nurse serves
  primarily as an easily accessible resource to the
  nursing staff giving care to the cancer patient,
  as well as to the patient and the family.
• The nurse evaluates the patient's specific
  nursing needs, plans the patient's care, helps to
  obtain nursing supplies, educates other nurses,
  the patient, and his or her family about nursing
  techniques and the principles of cancer
  treatment, facilitates patient and family
  self-management and monitors discharge plans and
  assists in the discharge process.

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Rehabilitation of family of cancer patient

• The nutritionist should teach the patient and
  family general and specific dietary principles
  and consult with the clinical staff on the
  optimal parenteral nutrition when the need for
  that arises.
• The primary role of the psychologist is to assist
  the patient and the family in coping, as well as
  to counsel and consult with the rehabilitation
  team members in managing the emotional reactions

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Palliative Care

• The goal of this palliative care is to relieve
  suffering and ensure the best possible quality of
  life for people facing chronic and
  life-threatening illness, regardless of the stage
  of the disease or the need for other therapies.

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Palliative Care

• Cancer pain can be relieved safely and
  effectively in over 95 percent of patients, using
  an integrated program of systemic, pharmacologic
  and anticancer therapy.
• The remaining patients can be helped by the
  appropriate use of invasive procedures.

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Palliative care program

• Pain and Palliative Care Program offers patients
  the following
• Cancer pain specialists collaborate to optimize
  each patient's comfort level and function.
• Evaluation and management services to any patient
  with cancer-related pain.

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Palliative care program

• Pain is typically managed through systemic
  analgesics and coanalgesics accompanied by
  intensive education and support.
• Nurses who monitor the effectiveness of each
  patient's care plan
• Full reassessment of patients is performed on a
  regular basis through scheduled follow-up
  appointments.

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Counseling

• Counseling always focus on the current conscious
  life situation of the individual patient seeking
  help.
• It tries to strengthen the healthy defenses, and
  psychological resources, of the cancer patient
  who come for help.
• It helps to create a positive environment in the
  whole family. 
• convey very strongly that the cancer patients are
  not alone in facing their lives dilemma

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• You can't smooth out the surf, but you can learn
  to ride the waves
• THANK YOU