Shelly Cashman Series Discovering Computers

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Shelly Cashman SeriesDiscovering Computers

• Output

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WHAT IS OUTPUT?

• Hard copy
• Printed
• Soft copy
• Displayed on screen
• Other types
• Audio
• Video

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Four Basic Categories of OUTPUT?

• Text
• Graphics
• Video
• Audio

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TYPES OF OUTPUT

• Text
• Data that has been processed to create
  Information
• Reports
• Internal Reports
• External Reports

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TYPES OF OUTPUT

• Graphics
• Non-text pictorial information
• Computer drawing and paint programs
• Animation
• Clip art

Click to see Figure 4-36
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TYPES OF OUTPUT

• Audio output
• Words and music
• Stereo speakers
• Voice output
• Voice synthesis

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TYPES OF OUTPUT

• Video output
• Video images captured with a video input device
• Output device such as a computer monitor
• HDTV

Click to see Figure 4-37
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DISPLAY DEVICES

• Monitors
• Screen
• CRT (cathode ray tube)
• Specialized monitors

Click to see Figure 4-38
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DISPLAY DEVICES

• Monitors
• Color monitors
• Monochrome monitors
• Gray scaling

Click to see Figure 4-40
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CRT

• Screen coated with tiny dots of phosphor
• Each dot made up of Red, Blue, Green
• Pixel Picture Element
• Electron beam causes phosphor elements to glow

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DISPLAY DEVICES

• Flat panel displays
• LCD
• Liquid Crystal material between layers of film
• Active matrix (TFT) (OTFT)
• Separate Transistor for each pixel
• Passive matrix
• Fewer transistor
• Dual Scan
• High Performance Addressing (HPA)
• E-book
• Web-Enabled devices
• MS Tablet
• Gas plasma
• Used in large monitors

Click to see Figure 4-41
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DISPLAY DEVICES

• Resolution
• Pixels (picture elements)
• Dot pitch
• .28 dp .28 mm vertical between dots
• Viewable area
• 15
• 17
• Etc..

Click to see Figure 4-42
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DISPLAY DEVICES

• Resolution
• Rows x Columns
• VGA - 640 x 480
• SVGA - 800 x 600 or 1,024 x 768
• High-end monitors 1280 x 10241800 x 1400
• Refresh rate time to redraw picture
• Faster better
• Interlaced vs Non-interlaced
• 60 Hertz

Click to see Figure 4-43
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Video Cards

• Must match monitors capabilities
• 8bit , 24 bit cards bit depth
• Number of bits to represent color
• 28 256 colors
• 224 16.7 million colors
• SVGA
• 800 X 600 up to 1500 x 1200
• 16.7 million colors

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Video Cards

• Other Adapters
• MDA - bw
• VGA 16 256 colors
• XGA 256 65,000 colors
• Video Card Memory
• 800 X 600 16 bit color --- requires 1 MB
• 1600 x 1200 24 bit color requires 6 MB
• EMR
• Energy Compliant

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Display Devices

• What are video standards?

• Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)
  develops video standards

p. 6.11 Fig. 6-11
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Display Devices

• What are various video card configurations?

p. 6.11 Fig. 6-12
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Television

• NTSC converter needed for standard TVs
• HDTV
• Interactive TV

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DISPLAY DEVICES

• How images are displayed on a monitor
• Image is sent from the CPU to the video circuits
• Red, Blue, Green electron gun
• The shadow mask aligns beams of electrons
• The yoke moves electron beams across and down the
  screen
• Illuminated phosphor dots create the image

Click to see Figure 4-44
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Printers

• What is a printer?

• Output device that produces text and graphics on
  paper
• Result is hard copy, or printout
• Two orientations

Click to view animation
p. 6.12 Fig. 6-14
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PRINTERS

• Two groups
• Impact
• Nonimpact
• Internet Printing

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IMPACT PRINTERS

• Printing mechanism strikes paper, ribbon and
  character together
• Letter Quality LQ
• Near Letter Quality - NLQ
• Usually use continuous-form paper

Click to see Figure 4-45
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IMPACT PRINTERS

• Dot matrix printers
• Small dots form characters
• With personal computers, have a single print head
• With large computers, have fixed print mechanism

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IMPACT PRINTERS

• Dot matrix printers
• Varying number of pins on the print head
• 9-pin heads
• 24-pin heads

Click to see Figure 4-46 47
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IMPACT PRINTERS

• Dot matrix printers
• Varying number of pins on the print head
• 9-pin heads
• 24-pin heads
• Speed
• Characters per second (cps)
• 300 1100 cps

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IMPACT PRINTERS

• Line Printers
• Band printers
• Horizontal, rotating band containing characters
• Bands are interchangeable
• Shuttle Matrix
• Print hammers move back and forth
• Lines per minute (lpm)
• Up to 3000 lpm

Click to see Figure 4-48
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NONIMPACT PRINTERS

• No mechanism strikes the paper
• Used on all sizes of computers

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NONIMPACT PRINTERS

• Ink-jet printers
• Spray tiny drops of ink onto the paper
• Color ink-jet printers
• 300 2400 dpi
• Speed measured in ppm

Click to see Figure 4-50
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NONIMPACT PRINTERS

• Laser printers
• Operates much like a copy machine
• High-quality text or graphics output
• 600 2400 Dots per inch (dpi)
• High-speed laser printers
• Pages per minute (ppm)
• Page Description Language (PDL)
• Post Script - DTP
• PCL - Office

Printing Animation
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NONIMPACT PRINTERS

• Thermal printers (thermal transfer printers)
• Transfer color inks from ink sheets onto the
  printer surface
• Wax transfer
• Melted colored wax
• Dye sublimation
• Heat transfer of a colored dye

Click to see Figure 4-54
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Buying A Printer

• Speed
• Color
• Multiple Copies
• Type of paper
• Compatibility

• Budget
• Photographic Quality
• Cost of Operation

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PRINTERS

• Plotters
• Pen plotters
• Flatbed plotter
• Drum plotter
• Electrostatic plotters
• Electrostatic wires (styli)
• Charges specially coated paper
• Fuses toner to the pattern
• High quality
• Fast output

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PRINTERS

• Special-purpose printers
• Photo Printers
• Single label printers
• Bar code label printers
• Portable printers

Click to see Figure 4-57
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OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES

• Data projectors
• LCD projection panels
• LCD projectors
• Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectors

Click to see Figure 4-59
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OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES

• Computer output microfilm (COM)
• Records output from a computer as microscopic
  images on a roll or sheet of film
• Microfiche
• Very fast
• Low recording cost
• Less space
• Low storage cost

Click to see Figure 4-60
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OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES

• Audio
• Speakers
• Headphones
• Voice
• Synthesized
• Authentic
• Facsimile (fax)
• Used to transmit and receive an image of a
  document over a phone line
• Fax Modem
• OCR Software

Click to see Figure 4-61
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OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES

• Multifunction devices (MFD)
• Can print, scan, copy and fax
• Less space
• Lower cost than separate units
• Terminals
• Dumb terminals
• Intelligent / Programmable terminals
• Point of Sale (POS)
• Automatic Teller Machines (ATM)

Click to see Figure 4-62
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Output for Physically Challenged

• Accessibility Properties on Control Panel
• Visual Signals where sound would normally be used
• Increased Font Size
• Color selections
• Braille printers

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Chapter 5 Complete