Chapter 6 Output

1
Chapter 6 - Output

• Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diode (FOLED)
  display

3-D Displays
2
Agenda

• Define the four categories of output
• Learn factors affecting display quality
• Check your knowledge of printing devices

PhotoStamps
3
What is Output?

• Information
• Data processed into useful form
• Categories

4
Output Devices

• Hardware that can convey information to a user
• Examples?

Smart Watches using Smart Personal Object
Technology (SPOT)
5
Recent News Video iPods

• Apple announced October, 2005
• 2.5 inch screen, 30/60 GB storage (150 hours)
• Sells for 250
• Deal with ABC to buy TV shows for 1.99 an
  episode via iTunes Store more available
• How many of you watch video this way? Store
  pictures?

6
CRT vs. LCD

• CRT
• Cathode ray tube
• Large, sealed glass screen coated with tiny dots
  of phosphor material
• Three dots (red, blue, green) combine to form a
  pixel (picture element)
• Hemisphere trivia

7
CRT vs. LCD

• LCD
• Flat panel display
• Uses liquid crystals between two sheets of
  material
• Electric current passes through crystals to
  create images on screen
• Lightweight compact
• Consumes 1/3 less power than CRT
• Five years ago, 40 of screens manufactured were
  defective (now 10)

8
Flat-Panel Displays

• Uses liquid compound to present information on a
  display

Step 2. As light passes through liquid crystal,
electrical charge causes some of the cells to
twist, making light waves bend as they pass
through color filter.
Step 1. Panel of fluorescent tubes emits light
waves through polarizing glass filter, which
guides light toward layer of liquid crystal cells.
Step 3. When light reaches second polarizing
glass filter, light is allowed to pass through
any cells that line up at the first polarizing
glass filter. Absence and presence of colored
light cause image to display on the screen.
Liquid crystal cells
p. 304
9
LCD Technologies Uses

• Active-matrix (TFT)
• High quality color viewable from all angles
  each pixel is addressable
• OLED (newer TFT) uses organic (carbon) molecules
  for bright images
• Passive-matrix (dual scan)
• Not as bright image best viewed straight-on
  rows of pixels addressable
• Uses
• Web-enabled devices
• PDA
• Cell phone
• E-books notebooks

10
Gas Plasma

• Sandwiches a layer of neon gas between two sheets
  of glass
• Voltage applied to gas releases UV light, causing
  pixels on screen to illuminate
• Elevation sensitive

11
Smart Displays

• Wireless communication with existing Windows XP
  computer at home
• Detachable screen allows you to move around the
  house while connected
• Stylus/touch screen input (dumb terminal)
• Price - 500 (on Amazon)

12
Display Quality Factors

• Resolution
• Most common SVGA 800 x 600 or XGA 1024 x 768
  pixels
• Maximum for most monitors UGA 1600 x 1200
• Maximum for high-end 2048 x 1536
• Dot Pitch
• Distance between pixels
• Smaller is better (.27 mm or less
• Refresh Rate
• Speed at which monitor redraws images on screen
• High quality is 68-75 hertz (redraws vertically
  68-75 times a second)

Total of 480,000 pixels on screen
13
Tablet PC

• Uses Windows XP tablet PC edition
• Built-in camera
• Wireless networking
• Pen data entry

14
Whats a Video Card?

• Converts digital output from computer to analog
  video signal
• Controls how picture looks on screen
• Also called
• Graphics card
• Video adapter
• Bit Depth (color depth)
• Number of bits a card uses to store information
  about each pixel
• 8-bit can display 256 colors
• 24-bit 16.7 million (true color)
• Human eye can discern 10 million
• SVGA monitor can display 16.8 million colors

15
Voice Output

• Computer talks to you through speakers on
  computer
• Computerized routing of incoming calls
• Internet telephony allows you to have
  conversationover Web

p. 321 Fig. 6-28
16
Suggested Output DevicesHome Users
Monitor
Printer
Other

• 17- or 19-inch LCD monitor

• Ink-jet color printer or
• Photo printer

• Speakers
• Headset
• Force-feedback joystick, wheel, and/or gamepad

p. 325 Fig. 6-34
17
Suggested Output DevicesSmallOffice / Home
Office Users
Monitor
Printer
Other

• 19- or 21-inch LCD monitor
• Color LCD screen on Tablet PC, PDA, or smart phone

• Multifunction peripheral or
• Ink-jet color printer or
• Laser printer (black-and-white or color)
• Label printer
• Postage printer

• Fax machine
• Speakers

p. 325 Fig. 6-34
18
Suggested Output DevicesMobile Users
Monitor
Printer
Other

• 15.7-inch color LCD screen on notebook computer
• Color LCD screen on Tablet PC, PDA, or smart phone

• Mobile color printer
• Ink-jet color printer or
• Laser printer for in-office use (black-and-white
  or color)
• Photo printer

• Fax modem
• Headphones or earphones
• DLP data projector

p. 325 Fig. 6-34
19
Suggested Output DevicesPower Users
Monitor
Printer
Other

• 23-inch LCD monitor

• Laser printer (black-and-white or color)
• Plotter or large-format printer or
• Photo printer or
• Dye-sublimation printer

• Fax machine or fax modem
• Speakers
• Headphones or earphones

p. 325 Fig. 6-34
20
Suggested Output DevicesLarge Business Users
Monitor
Printer
Other

• High-speed laser printer
• Laser printer, color
• Line printer (for large reports from a mainframe)
• Label printer

• Fax machine or fax modem
• Speakers
• Headphones or earphones
• DLP data projector

• 19- or 21-inch LCD monitor
• Color LCD screen on Tablet PC, PDA, or smart phone

p. 325 Fig. 6-34
21
Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users
Windows Magnifier Command

• Windows Magnifier command enlarges text and
  other itemson screen

p. 326 Fig. 6-35
22
Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users

• Change Window settings, such as increasing size
  or changing color of text to make words easier
  to read

• Blind users can work with voice output
• Braille printer outputs information in Braille
  onto paper

p. 326 Fig. 6-36
23
Smart Paper Displays

• Programmable flexible signs screens
• Two-tone beads sandwiched between plastic
  sheets are charged to display image
• 4-5 times thicker than paper
• Connected to wireless network for reprogramming
  content
• Federated Dept. Stores spend 250,000 a week on
  print in-store signs nationwide
• E-Ink.com has engineered color flexible sheets
  (Oct 2005)