Bunkering in the 21st Century

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Bunkering in the 21st Century

• G.R.Bowler,Inc. Marine Controls
• 2261 Lake Rd.
• Ontario,NY 14519 USA
• www.grbowler.com
• 315-524-8750

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Benefits of 1 Measurement Improvement

• Bunker represents 50-70 of total ship operating
  expense
• Example Large container ship-7,750 TEU
• Last summer bunkers _at_ 500/tn 30M
• Now 335/tn 13.4M
• Next summer ????
• What does a 1 measurement improvement mean to
  you?
• Last summer 300K potential savings
• Today 134k potential savings
• Reduced billing discrepancies
• The technology is here today that can benefit
  suppliers, barge operators and shipping companies
  

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Agenda

• Bunker Sources of Error
• Custody Transfer Challenges
• Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work
• Questions

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Bunker Sources of Error
1 cm tape error 0.25 error for a 4m
level Potential savings on 9000 tonne stem
7,500
Bunker Tank
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Bunker Sources of Error Temperature

• Placement of temperature probe is critical for
  optimum volume to mass conversion
• Is the temperature measurement representative of
  total bunker?
• Average calculation vs single point
• Savings can be significant
• 2C error on temp (avg) 0.1 error for a 991g/l
  product at 50C
• Savings

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Sources of Error - Density Stratification
Errors of 0.25 to 1.5 possible
Tank Stratification

• Tank A

Tank B
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Bunker Sources of Error Entrained Gas

• Consider a Bunker with 5 entrained gas
• A volume measurement will give a batch error of
  5
• Effect on mass measurement is negligible
• Drive Gain can be used to indicate presence of EG

5 error 151K potential loss
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Bunker Sources of Error Volume to Mass
Conversion
Conversion formula Actual volume gt net volume gt
weight(vac) gt weight(air) (?) calc error
Volume-based Measurement
Direct Mass Measurement
BDN
Automated
Manual
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Agenda

• Bunker Sources of Error
• Custody Transfer Challenges
• Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work
• Questions

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Custody Transfer Processes

• Custody transfer is simply an agreement between
  two Parties Buyer and Seller
• However, the Bunkering process is not so simple

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Everyday Custody Transfer Examples
Pipelines
Truck Dispensing
Well Head
Retail Dispensing
Truck/Ship Loading
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Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer

• Repeatable, accurate measurement globally
  accepted
• Reasonable capital costs to support operations
• Lifecycle cost considered for operational
  efficiency

Bunkering custody transfer needs are the same as
other industries

• Make sure Im getting what Im paying for
• Eliminate idle/downtime due to refueling
  operation
• Reduce the number of billing discrepancies and
  arbitration claims

Operating Vessel
Barge
Fuel Storage Terminal
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Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer Challenges

• Actual Operational Challenges
• Inherent differences between tank measurements
• Entrained gas (Air bubbles)
• Product holdup in barge pipelines
• Placement of meter for buyers confidence
• Potential for backflow through meter

• During Validation
• Volume to mass conversions
• Temperature compensations
• Stacked uncertainties of reference system
• Product quality concerns

Operating Vessel
Barge
Fuel Storage Terminal
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Agenda

• Bunker Sources of Error
• Custody Transfer Challenges are not New to
  Emerson
• Coriolis Technology at Work
• Questions

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Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work

• Three phase test program in execution
• Phase 1 Load barge _at_ refinery via Micro Motion
  meter in both ideal and non-ideal conditions
• Phase 2 Dispense bunker fuel into a vessel via
  the Micro Motion meter in both ideal and
  non-ideal conditions
• Phase 3 Use a vessel installed meter to measure
  incoming fuel for both ideal and non ideal
  conditions.

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Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work

• Micro Motion Coriolis test program is complete
  and successful
• Final data being prepared for discussion

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Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work
Micro Motion ELITE High Capacity Coriolis Meters
Size Flow Range HC2 750 Tn HC3 1275
Tn HC4 2100 Tn
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Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work

• Sufficient data to MID certify
• Barge loading
• Barge dispensing
• Ship receiving
• Testing supports a 0.5 bunker delivery accuracy
• Savings potential expected to be significant

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Thank You !