U.S. History

1
U.S. History

• Chapter 18

2
Terms and Names

• United Nations (U.N.)- peacekeeping body of
  nations.
• Satellite nation- Country dominated by the Soviet
  Union.
• Containment- an effort to block Soviet influence
  by making alliances and supporting weaker
  nations.
• Iron Curtain- a division of Europe between free
  and communist nations.
• Cold War- state of hostility between the Soviet
  Union and the U.S., but without military action.
• Truman Doctrine- U.S. policy of sending aid to
  any nation trying to prevent a communist takeover.

3
Terms and Names continued

• Marshall Plan- program under which U.S. gave
  economic aid to rebuild postwar Europe.
• Berlin Airlift- Resupply of West Berlin by U.S.
  and British planes during the Soviet blockade of
  1948.
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-
  defensive military alliance of the U.S., Canada,
  and 10 European countries.
• HUAC- House Committee on Un-American Activities.
• Hollywood 10- People that were called before HUAC
  who did not cooperate.

4
Terms and Names continued

• Blacklist- list of people in the Hollywood film
  industry who were refused jobs because they did
  not cooperate with HUAC.
• Alger Hiss- former state department official.
• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg- activist in the
  American Communist Party who were accused of
  being spies.
• Joseph McCarthy- Republican Senator who claimed
  the communists were taking over the federal
  government.
• McCarthyism- term used to refer to a tactic of
  accusing people of disloyalty without producing
  evidence.

5
Terms and Names continued

• H-bomb- Hydrogen bomb
• Dwight D. Eisenhower- U.S. President
• Brinkmanship- willing to go to the edge or brink
  of war.
• CIA- Central Intelligence Agency spy agency of
  the U.S.
• Warsaw Pact- military alliance between the Soviet
  Union and its satellite nations.
• Eisenhower Doctrine- policy that the U.S. would
  defend the Middle East against an attack by any
  Communist country.

6
Terms and Names continued

• Nikita Khruschev- Soviet leader.
• U-2 incident- downing of a spy plane and the
  capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960.
• Air-raid drills- practice on what to do during an
  air raid attack.
• Armistice- temporary stopping of fighting agreed
  on by both sides.
• Clemency- mercy or reduction of a sentence given
  by a court.
• Demilitarized zone- place where military forces
  were no allowed.

7
Terms and Names continued

• Fallout shelter- underground living area that
  give protection from the explosion and radiation
  of nuclear attack.
• Famine- wide reaching food shortage resulting in
  starvation.
• Hearing- session of an investigation committee at
  which testimony is taken from witnesses.
• Hostage- person(s) held prisoner in order to get
  a ransom or demand.

8
Terms and Names continued

• Infiltration- process of entering gradually or
  secretly in order to spy or gain control.
• Insubordination- act of disobeying authority.
• Offensive- attacking or starting a war.
• Perjury- false testimony under oath.
• Retaliate- to strike back, especially to return
  military attack.
• Sputnik I- first artificial satellite to orbit
  the earth.

9
Terms and Names continued

• Superpowers- the most powerful and influential
  nations.
• Treason- betrayal of ones country, especially
  aiding its enemies.
• The West- non-communist countries of Western
  Europe and the Americas.
• Witch hunt- Investigation that says its purpose
  is to uncover illegal activities, but is actually
  used to harm those whose views differ.