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Metropolitan: The New Urban Form

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Title: Metropolitan: The New Urban Form


1
Metropolitan The New Urban Form
Geo309 Urban Geography
Instructor Jun Yan Geography Department SUNY at
Buffalo
2
Last Class
  • Freeways and Metropolitan Sprawl (1945-1972)
  • Preconditions freeways, strong housing need
  • New urban Phenomenon Levittown, California
    Suburbia, Drive-Thru Morphology
  • Urban realms model a lose functional structure
    with mixed land use
  • Spatial reorganization industry, retailing,
    office, and central cities

3
Outline
  • Postsuburban Development (1972-present)

4
Redevelopment, Restructuring Deconcentration
  • CBD continue to decay and decentralize but some
    parts do receive reinvestment and redevelopment
  • Suburb-like features
  • Consolidated urban realms
  • Continue to grow as additional nodes/cores for
    commercial and business use
  • Continue to lessen the dominance of central
    cities
  • Form a new standard form of new commercial
    development
  • New labels suburban downtowns, edge cities,
    technosuburbs
  • End of suburbia city-like features in suburbs
  • Thus postsuburban development fragmented and
    multinodal

5
Redevelopment, Restructuring Deconcentration
  • Resulting Packaged landscape
  • Big, set-piece developments
  • The residential subdivision, the shopping
    centers, the industrial parks seems to floating
    in space with large empty areas between
    clusters
  • Galactic Metropolis

6
Telematics and Spatial Adjustment
  • New technologies communication and IT
  • Space of Flow
  • Facilitator of spatial adjustment informational
    mode of development
  • Working/shopping at home reality or myth?
  • Further shorten the actual geographic distance
  • Then further reinforce the trend of spatial
    decentralization

7
Telematics and Spatial Adjustment
  • Implication for urban development
  • Retailing competition from direct marketing and
    Internet
  • Banking ATM Internet lessen the tie between
    customers and their neighborhood banks
  • CBD more specialized in office, in transaction,
    finance, broadcasting and publishing
  • Back offices of business begin to move out city
    less labor but more technology intensive close
    to airports, Federal Reserve Bank, suburban
    residence

8
Employment Change 1977-1984
9
End of Suburbia
  • Urban functions are so disperse over space
  • Multiple foci form of metropolitan singles the
    end of suburbia
  • Suburbs city-like features, self-sustained,
    increasing concentration of industry, office and
    commerce, mixed land use ? suburban downtown
  • CBD
  • Continuing deinustrialization and
    decentralization of services (especially
    retailing)
  • More specialization in transaction and finance
  • Single-handed fueling the gentrification of CBD
  • Civic entrepreneurialism revitalized
    entertainment districts?

10
Evolvement of Suburban Downtown
  • Four stages
  • Bedroom communities (pre-60) purely residential,
    limited commercial activities, low-order services
  • Independence (1960s) begin to be self-sustained
    regional shopping centers, industrial parks,
    office parks
  • Gatalytic growth (1970s) massive suburbanization
    of economic activities of all kinds
  • High-Rise-High-Technology (1980s) rising of
    suburban downtown, some even overshadow CBDs,
    high-rising buildings

11
New Urban Landscape
  • Stealth cities
  • Along highways, near airports
  • Too fast to have official names, governing
    civil services
  • Reflect on skyline and land values
  • Suburban freeway corridors
  • Linear, along highway section often with closely
    spaced interchanges
  • Example I-494 corridor in Minneapolis

12
I-494 Corridor, Minneapolis
13
New Urban Landscape
  • Retail-strip corridors high-tech corridors
  • Linear, but smaller scale
  • With large lot, extensive parking, a mixed
    services and entertainments Transit, Niagara
    Falls Blvd in Buffalo
  • High-tech corridors
  • Linear, but smaller scale as well
  • Concentrate on high tech RD, hotels Route 128
    in Boston

14
New Urban Landscape
  • Nucleated centers
  • Non-linear, more common
  • 5 subtypes
  • Regional mall centers
  • Diversified office centers
  • Large-scale mix-use centers (New Town)
  • Old town centers
  • Suburban specialty centers

15
Edge City
  • So integrated, in such a big scale, some of them
    are even qualified as Edge City
  • 5 million office space, 600,000 sqr ft
    shopping area
  • Strong local identity
  • More job than housing
  • Changing commuting pattern more in than out
  • High-rise, mid-rise buildings
  • However, lack of public transit
  • Again the deadlock created by automobiles
  • Best example DC area, 17 edge cities, Tysons
    Corner is the largest one

16
Edge City
17
Edge City
Skyscrapers in DC (200 feet)
Tysons Corner
18
Edge City Tysons Corner
19
Next Class
  • No lecture
  • Tips for taking exams in geography
  • Study guide
  • Answer questions
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