Ancient Rome

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Ancient Rome
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Early Rome

• Early people of Italy were the Etruscans who
  lived in central Europe. The Etruscans took over
  another group of people called the Latins By 509
  b.c.the Etruscans had done away with their king
  and set up a republic-government where the people
  elect representatives. Two class of people were
  created- patricians and the plebeians. The
  plebeians were nonaristocratic people, land
  owners, merchants, shopkeepersThe patricians
  were the rich and aristocratic people.

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Daily life in Rome

• The ancients Romans started their day with
  breakfast.
• The lower class Romans (plebeians) might have a
  breakfast of bread, dry or dipped in wine, and
  water. Sometimes olives, cheese, or raisins were
  sprinkled on the bread. In 1c AD, it became the
  custom to distribute bread daily to the
  unemployed. Workmen, on their way to work,
  grabbed some bread, and ate it on the way.
• The upper class Romans (patricians) enjoyed fresh
  meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, bread, and used
  honey to sweeten food. (Sugar was unknown). They
  had slaves to cook and clean. Slaves cut their
  food for them, as they didn't use forks or
  knives, but ate with their fingers. A wet towel
  was handy (or brought by slaves) to tidy up after
  a meal. Early in the morning, schoolboys, on the
  run, often stopped at a bakery for a quick meal,
  or to buy a pancake to eat on their way to
  school.

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Daily life for Men Women

• Roman Men Rings were the only jewelry worn by
  Roman citizen men, and good manners dictated only
  one ring. Of course, some men did not follow
  "good taste", and wore as many as sixteen rings.
  Hairstyles and beards varied with the times. In
  early Roman times, men wore long hair and full
  beards. For a while, they were clean-shaven with
  short hair. About 1AD, they had started to style
  their hair, and wear beards again. Roman Women
  Women enjoyed gazing at themselves in mirrors of
  highly polished metal (not glass). The ancient
  Roman women loved ornate necklaces, pins,
  earrings, bracelets and friendship rings. Pearls
  were favorites. Women often dyed their hair,
  usually golden-red. They used false hairpieces to
  make their hair thicker or longer. Sometimes,
  Roman women wore their hair up, in carefully
  arranged styles, held with jeweled hairpins.
  Sometimes they wore it down, curled in ringlets.
  Parasols were used, or women might carry fans
  made of peacock feathers, wood or stretched
  linen. Women's street shoes were made of leather,
  like a man's. In the house, most Romans (men and
  women) wore sandals. Women's sandals were
  brightly colored. Some were even decorated with
  pearls

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Daily for boys and girls

• Roman Boys Boys wore a tunic down to their
  knees. It was white, with a crimson border. Once
  a boy became a man, he put aside his childish
  clothes, and wore an all-white tunic. A boy
  became a citizen at age 16 or 17. The year was
  selected by choosing the date which came closest
  to March 17th. Coming of age, becoming a citizen,
  was quite a celebration. On a boy's sixteenth or
  seventeenth birthday, the boy dressed himself in
  a white tunic, which his father adjusted. The day
  ended with a dinner party, given by the father,
  in honor of the new Roman citizen.
• Roman Girls Girls wore a simple tunic with a
  belt at the waist. When they went outside, they
  wore a second tunic that reached their feet.
• BULLA Children wore a special locket around
  their neck, given to them at birth, called a
  bulla. It contained an amulet as a protection
  against evil and was worn on a chain, cord, or
  strap. Girls wore their bulla until the eve of
  their wedding day,

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Roman expansion crisis

• Rome fought a war called the Punic wars against
  Carthage. In the second Punic war a powerful
  general Hannibal almost defeated Rome but lost.
  Romes forces destroyed carthage . With this
  victory Rome became master of the Mediterranean.
• The huge empire obtained huge problems. The
  crisis came when people rebelled against high
  taxes- The poor became a problem when they
  flooded the city of Rome looking for work.

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Roman Empire created

• With the new empire came the end of the republic.
  
• Emperors came to power Octavian the grand nephew
  of Julius Caesar. ( he named himself
  Augustus)-majestic one. 200 years of peace (Pax
  Romana) lasted with the beginning of Augustus.
• Bad emperor was- Nero who killed family fearful
  of plotting against him.

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Trade ,Engineering

• Due to trade the Romans received- pottery, woven
  cloth, blown glass, tin, iron ,lead.
• Buildings were made of concrete. Roads were
  created. Also Aqueducts were created- artificial
  channels for carrying water.

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Christianity

• The Romans believed in many gods.The emperor was
  considered as a chief priest.
• One of the religions was Judaism-this was the
  religion of the Jews. The Jews were against Roman
  rule and prayed that the Messiah would return and
  bring them out of captivity. Some of the Jews
  tried to fight against the Romans. The Jews were
  unsuccessful twice and so the Romans scattered
  them across the face of the earth. The Romans
  renamed Judea calling it Palestine. (Ezekiel
  1215)
• And they shall know that I am Lord , when I shall
  scatter them among the nations, and disperse them
  in countries-(Ezekiel 2023, 2215 )
• Micah 52 prediction of birth of Christ

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Jesus

• Jesus started his ministry he urged people to
  turn away from their sins and confess their sins
  to God. He talked of Gods forgiveness and plan of
  salvation for their lives. Many believed he was
  the Messiah, except for the Jews. The jewish
  became highly upset with his claims to be the son
  of God. Many miracles were performed by Jesus and
  many Jews turned to follow him. There were many
  jews that also wanted him dead.
• The Jews went to the Roman leaders and requested
  that he be arrested for claiming to be the son of
  God.
• Pontious Pilate tried Jesus and found him
  innocent.

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Jesus

• 1. Even before the trial it had been determined
  he was guilty
• 2 false witnesses were brought against him.
  Usually witnesses went through screening.
• 3. No defense for Jesus was sought
• 4. The trial was conducted at night, which was
  illegal
• Pilate found him innocent

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Jesus continued

• The Jews had a tradition that once a year 1
  person could be released from prison- Pilate
  agreed to release Barabbas (Murder) and allow
  Jesus to be Hung on the cross.
• The punishment of the cross was very painful
  
• They would beat a person 39 times with a whip
  called the cat of nine tails
• Make them carry their own cross
• Nail their hands and feet to a cross (or tied)
• Break their legs
• Pierce their side with a spear to collapse the
  lungs
• Crusified upside down

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After his death

• After Jesus death and resurrection he appeared
  to his disciples. The disciples went forth
  preaching he was the son of God and the way of
  salvation. The followers of Christ would be
  called Christians-christos Greek for messiah.
  One of the most active missionaries was Paul .
  His letters to the churches and people he met
  became the Bible we have today.
• Paul was Jewish and hated the Jews. His life was
  turned around on the road to Emmaus. After he
  became a Christian he himself was persecuted and
  latter in his was beheaded by the Romans.

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Persecution of the Christians

• The Romans tortured the Christians because of
  their faith. The Christians were burned at the
  stake, crucified, dipped in pitch and burned in
  the garden of Nero for light, Feed to the lions.
  The persecutions lasted from 60 A.D. to 300s A.D.
• The emperor Constantine ended the persecution
  when he himself became a Christian.

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City of Pompeii
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