Human Growth

1

• Human Growth Development
• Chapter 16
• Adolescence Psychosocial Development

2
Multiple Selves

• Possible selvesvarious ideas of who one might be
  or become, each of which is typically acted out
  and considered as a possible identity
• False selfset of behaviors that is adopted by a
  person to combat rejection, please others, or try
  out as a possible self

3

• Three Types of False Selves
• acceptable false self--Adopted to be accepted
  arises from feelings of worthlessness,
  depression low self-understanding
• pleasing false self--Arises from wish to impress
  or please others medium self-understanding
• experimental false self--Adolescent tries out a
  self to see how it feels high self-understanding

4
Identity Status

• Eriksons identity versus role confusion
• Identity achievementattainment of identity
  self-understanding in accord with past
  experiences and future plans
• willing to reconsider values and goals of parents
  and culture, accepting some, rejecting others

5

• Identity Foreclosure
• adopts values and goals of parents and culture
  without questioning
• closes out process before it begins
• Identity Diffusion
• has few commitments to goals or values, and
  apathetic about taking on any role
• Identity Moratorium
• experiments with alternative identities in order
  to try them out not ready to make commitment to
  particular future goal

6
Depression

• Rate of clinical depression more than doubles in
  puberty (15)
• depression affects 1 to 5 teenage girls, and 1 to
  10 teenage boys
• hormonal changes may explain this, coupled with
  psychic stress of school, friends, sexual drives,
  and identity crises

7
Adolescent Suicide

• Suicidal Ideation
• thinking about suicide common among adolescents
• Parasuicidedeliberate act of self-destruction
  that does not end in death

8

• Five reasons for erroneous belief that completed
  suicide is an adolescent problem
• rate is triple the rate of 40 years ago
• adolescents lumped together with young adults as
  one statistical category and young adults have
  higher rate
• adolescent suicide is shocking and grabs
  attention
• social prejudice considers teenagers as problems
• suicide attempts are more common in adolescence

9
Gender, Ethnic and National Differences in Suicide

• Worldwide, parasuicide is higher for females
  completed suicide is higher for males
• except in China, where females complete suicide
  more than males
• Cluster suicides occur when several suicides are
  committed within the same group in a short time

10
Breaking the Law

• Worldwide, arrests rise rapidly at about age 12
  and peak at about age 16
• 44 of all U.S. arrests for serious crimes
  involve persons aged 10 to 20

11

• Adolescent males are 3 times more likely to be
  arrested than females
• African-Americans are 3 times more likely to be
  arrested than are European-Americans, who are 3
  times more likely than Asian-Americans to be
  arrested

12
Limiting the Damage

• Adolescent-limited offenderperson who becomes
  law abiding as an adult
• Life-course persistent offender juvenile
  delinquent who continues patterns of lawbreaking
  throughout life career criminal
• Parental monitoring is a key factor

13
Peer Pressure Unmasked

• Pressure to conform is strongup to age 14
• Peer pressure can be especially negative in times
  of uncertainty, but is not usually a corrupting
  influence on good adolescents
• Most peer-induced misbehavior is short-lived

14
Romantic Attraction

• Sequence of Heterosexual Attraction
• often begins with a seeming dislike or picking on
  the opposite sex
• friendships of one sex or the other
• loose association of girls group and boys group
• smaller mixed-sex group formed from larger group
• true intimacy peeling off from group into
  couples, with private intimacies

15
Homosexual Youth

• Complications of this life style usually slow
  down romantic attachments
• many reluctant to admit homosexuality
• may mask feelings
• depression and suicide higher for these youth