Certified Specialist of Wine Study Guide Review

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CertifiedSpecialistofWineStudy Guide Review
United States
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AVirtual Wine Tour of the United States


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Pre-Prohibition

• Wine was made from native grapes as early as
  1560s in Florida, and in Jamestown in 1600s
• Vinifera successfully planted in Texas/New Mexico
  in 1620s
• California planted in vinifera in 1770s by
  Spanish
• In East and Midwest, climate and diseases made it
  difficult for
• Vinifera, but native labrusca, rotundifolia and
  Euro-Americanhybrids flourished---although taste
  profile was different
• In California, climate was much more welcoming to
  vinifera, butfar less demand
• Most vines were Mission, and grown for
  sacramental wine

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Pre-Prohibition

• California Gold Rush of 1849 increased demandfor
  locally made wine
• California Immigrants (Italians, Swiss and
  German) beganto build wine culture in coastal
  areas
• California vineyards expanded but falling prices
  fromoverproduction and infestations of
  phylloxera began tohurt the burgeoning industry.
• Then came Prohibition

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Prohibition and Afterward

• January 1920 19th Amendment (Prohibition) went
  into effect most vineyards/wineries wiped out
• A few subsisted on sacramental wine and grape
  concentrate
• Vine acreage quality plummeted Industry in
  hibernation for 13 years
• 1933 Prohibition repealed wine begins
  re-emergence nationwide but depression engulfs
  country
• Cheap sweet fortified wines and bulk wines
  dominate comeback

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Prohibition and Afterward

• WWII Americans return from Europe and exposure
  to better wines while economy improves
• Boomers come of age More traveled,
  sophisticated, wine and food oriented
• 1968 Table wines represent 50 for first time
• Spirit sales begin to decline wine sales (and
  quality) trend upward

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Prohibition and Afterward

• 1970s/1980s Table wines represent 75 of
  total fortified less than 10.
• Varietal table wines pass generic jug wines in
  Volume
• Vineyard sites, importance of place of origin,
  and emphasis on terroir and sense of place
  develops
• In 1978 a new system for designation place of
  originwas introduced AVA

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U. S. Label Law

• Controlled by Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and
  Federal Alcohol Administration Act of 1935
• TTB Alcohol Tobacco Tax Trade
  Bureau(formerly known as BATF)
• Label Requires
• Brand Name
• Class or Type of Wine
• Name/Address of Bottler or Importer
• Alcohol Content
• Sulfite Statement (if required)
• Health Warning Statement
• Net Content of Bottle
• Plus country of origin and imported by must
  appear on foreign wines

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U. S. Label Law

• Brand Name
• Usually most prominent item on label
• Usually producing winery, but many wineries have
  multiple brands, and maintain many DBA Labels
• Private customers, even individuals, can order
  wines labeled with their own brand name
• Wine Class or Type
• Fruit Wine (fruit other than grapes)
• Rice wine
• Honey wine (aka Mead)
• Sparkling Grape Wine
• Still Grape Wine (generic, semi-generic or
  varietal)
• Table Wine
• Dessert

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U. S. Label Law

• Generic Wines (no varietal specification
  required)
• Sake
• Vermouth
• Semi-Generic Wines
• Can be applied to any class or type of grape wine
• Examples Chablis, Burgundy, Port, Champagne
• Must be accompanied by appellation of originEx.
  Champagne must declare California Champagne
• Controversial, long standing international trade
  disputes
• Constantly being revised and updated
• Generic/semi-generic cannot be protected as
  trademarks
• Non-Generic
• Wines made in the place their name indicates
• (French, Rioja, Barbaresco, Oporto)

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U. S. Label Law

• Varietal Wines
• Wines which bear name of grapes from which the
  wine is made
• When a single variety is named 75 must come from
  that variety
• Appellation of origin must appear on label
• Individual states may impose stricter standards
  than federal law requires
• If two or more varieties named, 100 must be from
  the listed varieties, and each variety percentage
  must be listed (with tolerance of -2)

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U. S. Label Law

• Proprietary Wines
• Producer or blender may register proprietary name
  as a trademark for exclusive use
• Should be accompanied by registered () or
  trademark (), or next to a registered trade name
  (dba)
• Name and Address of Bottler
• Can be producer, wine merchant or negociant
• Indicates only where wine was actually bottled
• Can be trade name or dba name approved by TTB

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U. S. Label Law

• Bottled By Terminology Codes
• Produced or made if bottler crushed 75 of
  grapes
• Cellared, Blended, Prepared, or
  Vintedif less than 75 crushed and remainder
  purchased
• Grown, Produced and Bottled By or Estate
  Bottledbottling winery grew the grapes and
  processed them

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Alcohol Content

• Alcohol given in percent by volume
• Wines not greater than 14 alcohol allows
  variation of plus or minus 1.5
• In 46 states designation Table Wine may be used
  in place of percentage for wines of 14 or less
  alcohol
• Wines greater than 14 alcoholallow variance of
  plus or minus 1

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U. S. Wine Laws

• Sulfite Warning
• January 9, 1987
• Wines containing more than 10 ppm sulfur dioxide
  required to carry a label statement Contains
  Sulfites
• Health Warning
• November 8, 1989
• Government Warning According to the Surgeon
  General, women should not drink alcoholic
  beverages during pregnancy because of the risk of
  birth defects.
• Consumption of alcoholic beverages impairs your
  ability to drive a car or operate machinery, and
  may cause health problems.
• Net Content (Volume)
• May be on label or stamped in bottle glass

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U. S. Wine Laws

• Terms Not Legally Defined or Controlled
• Dry
• Sweet
• Reserve
• Special Select or Special Selection
• Old Vines

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American Viticultural Areas

• An AVA is a delimited grape growing region
  distinguished by geographical features, the
  boundaries of which have been recognized and
  defined
• Anyone can petition the TTB for an AVA, but
  must show
• Proposed name is used locally
• Area relates to geographic features (soil,
  elevation, weather patterns)
• Boundaries can be found on U.S. Geological Survey
  Maps

1. The United States (American Wine) 2.
Two/three Contiguous States (Southeastern New
England) 3. A single State (California) 4.
2--3 Counties in same state (North Coast
Counties) 5. A single County (Sonoma
County) 6. A viticultural area (Stags
Leap, Carneros)
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AVA Rules

• State Designation 75 of grapes must be grown in
  state
• Multiple States All grapes grown in states
  stated
• County 75 of all grapes must be from county
• Multiple Counties All grapes must be grown in
  counties percentages stated
• Viticultural Areas 85 of grapes from within
  boundaries
• Multiple VAs 85 of grapes grown within areas
• Imported Wines 75 of grapes must be from
  within BATF approved appellations
• Vineyard Designation NOT CONSIDERED AN AVA!
  If a vineyard/orchard/ farm/ranch named,
  95 must be from that property
• Vintage Declaration 95 must be from that vintage

NOTE States can require higher standards than
federal law dictates
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Multi-State Viticultural Areas?
Only twelve currently designated (and none of
them are in California)
Ozark Mountain (AR, MO, OK) Southeastern New
England (CT, MA, RI) Ohio River Valley (IN, KY,
OH, WV) Mississippi Delta (LA, MS, TN) Cumberland
Valley (MD, PA)Central Delaware Valley (NJ,
PA) Mesilla Valley (NM, TX) Lake Erie (NY, OH,
PA) Kanawha River Valley (OH, WV) Columbia Valley
(OR, WA) Walla Walla Valley (OR, WA) Shenandoah
Valley (VA, WV)
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How AVAs Work
John Doe Vineyards is located in the Arroyo Seco
AVA, Salinas Valley, Monterey County,
California. It grows its own grapes as well
asbuying grapes from other suppliers

• As such, it is eligible for the following
  appellations
• Rancho Ridge Estate, Arroyo Seco AVA 95 grown
  in named vineyard 85 grown within viticultural
  boundaries
• Monterey AVA If more than 15 of grapes comes
  from outsidethe Arroyo Seco AVA but still within
  the Monterey AVA
• California AVA If more than 15 comes from
  outside theMonterey County AVA, but comes from
  elsewhere in California

An AVA is NOT a designation or endorsement of
quality!!!! It confirms the provenance of the
grapes only.
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AVA True and False
Under AVA rules, a Napa winery could produce a
wine that is 85Chardonnay and 15 Syrah and
sell it as Napa Valley Chardonnay. It is legal
to blend up to 5 of a white wine that is more
than ten yearsold to a current vintage white
wine---and claim the current vintage for the
resulting blend. Texas produces and sells wines
to large California wineries, whichthen blend
with their wines and market the wines as
California wines. California wineries must
disclose the varieties and percentages ofblends
on their label, either front or back. AVA Rules
control grape varieties, blends, yields, and
viticulturalpractices such as irrigation,
trellising, and vine density
TRUE!
TRUE
FALSE, American
FALSE
FALSE
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CertifiedSpecialistofWineStudy Guide Review
California
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1 VolumeWine Producing Statein the U.S.
88 Appellations (and numerous pending)
37 California Counties haveone or more
Appellations
Maritime to Continental Zones
Cool Coasts to Torrid Deserts
California led--and still leadsthe Wine
Revolution in the U.S., and exerts strong
influence on the entire world.
Valley floors to mountain tops
Internationally renowned for its quality and
diversity of style
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California Varietal Percentages

• Chardonnay 19
• Cabernet Sauvignon 13
• French Colombard 12
• Zinfandel 11
• Merlot 9

VARIES Very general figures based on recent
tonnage reports.
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North Coast

• Contains Californias
• most significant wine growing regions
• North from San Francisco Bay to include Napa,
  Sonoma, Mendocino and Lake Counties
• Defined by Coastal Ranges,Mediterranean
  (maritime) climate,fog patterns and diversity of
  soils
• Microclimates in area support a wide range of
  varieties

Mendocino
Lake
Napa
Sonoma County
Marin County
San Francisco Bay
Carneros
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• Napa Valley

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Napa County

• 1840s George Yount plants grapevines on grant
• 1861 first Napa commercial winery, Charles Krug
• 1889 140 wineries in operation
• 1890s Expansion and over-production saw prices
  plummetthen industry struck by phylloxera,
  followed by Prohibition and Depression. Most
  wineries wiped out
• 1960 Only 25 wineries
• 1990 Over 200 wineries in the Valley
• Today home to more than 240 wineries
• Encompasses 297,000 acres over 35,000 in grapes

C o a s t a l R a n g e
M a y a c a m a s
Hot
NAPA
Geology Counts! Napa County 30 miles long, six
miles wide 32 different soil types
MediterraneanClimate Only 1 of Earths
surfacehas this climate
Cool
San Pablo Bay Pacific Ocean
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Napa County AVAs



1.Diamond Mtn. 2.Spring Mtn. 3.Howell
Mtn. 4.Rutherford 5.Oakville 6.Mt. Veeder 7.Stags
Leap 8.Atlas Peak 9.Carneros 10.Wild Horse
Valley 11. St. Helena 12. Yountville 13. Chiles
Vly.
Region III
Lake Berryessa
Pope Valley
Calistoga
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Coastal Range
1
St. Helena
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2
11
Chiles Valley



Region II
4
8
7
5
Mayacamas Mtns.
12
10
Yountville

6
Napa



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Sonoma County
Region 1
SF Bay
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Napa Valley

• Napa Valley is 60 miles (100 km) north of San
  Francisco and stretches 30 miles (50 km) in a
  northwesterly direction.
• Approximately 45,000 acres (about 16,000
  hectares) are planted to wine grapes.
• Napa Valley is only 4 of Californias total wine
  production.

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Valley Shape
30 miles
1 to 4 miles
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Napa Valley Soil Diversity

• Over 100 different soilvariations with 33
  soil series
• Carneros and South Napa
• Marine clays
• Mayacamas (West side) Sedimentary / Alluvial
• Vaca Range (East side) Volcanic loams and clays
• North Napa Volcanic Ash Tufa

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Napa Volcanics

• Ash
• Glass
• Pyroclastic deposits
• Mudflows
• Sedimentary rock of volcanic origin

Baked zone (red) below thin beds of tuff and
black volcanic glass
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• Mediterranean, but diverse, able to successfully
  grow many different wine grapes.
• Limited rainfall (primarily November to April)
• Consistent growing seasons (approx. 1,400
  degree-days, similar to Médoc)
• Hot days and cool nights --- Slow ripening while
  maintaining acidity

Marine Influence

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Valley Effect
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• What is an AVA?
• An American Viticultural Area is geographically
  defined by unique soils, climate, and geologic
  conditions.
• There are 14 approved AVAs within Napa Valley.
• Each produces wines that express the unique
  combination of soils, aspects, topography and
  climate

Napa Valley AVAs
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Los Carneros

• Located along North shores of San Pablo/San
  Francisco Bay
• Straddles the bottom edge of both Napa and Sonoma
  Counties
• Carneros Quality Alliance created separate AVA in
  1983
• Carneros AVA has a distinctive style
• Cool foggy maritime climate (Type I), ideal for
  cool climate grapes(Chardonnay and Pinot Noir)
• A preferred grape source, commands top dollar

The name Carneros is derived from the Spanish for
Sheep.General Mariano Vallejo, the last
Mexican governor ofAlta California and
subsequently successful Californiorancher and
politician grazed his sheep herds on the
sparsehills of this area. The Carneros symbol
is a rams head.
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Sonoma
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Sonoma County AVAs

• Sonoma Valley
• Sonoma Mountain
• Russian River Valley
• Chalk Hill
• Green Valley
• Alexander Valley
• Knights Valley
• Dry Creek Valley
• Los Carneros (part)
• Northern Sonoma
• Sonoma Coast

• Rockpile

• Bennet Valley

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Mendocino
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Mendocino County

• One of Californias largest most diverse
  growing regions
• Far enough away from SF, rugged rural enough to
  missthe initial boom that elevated Napa and
  Sonoma
• Farmers and families produced excellent grapes
  that went intoother wineries products
• Mendocino began to gain prominence for quality
  and style
• Now several appellations and thousands of acres
  of vineyards, 25 of which are organic

AVAs Mendocino County Anderson Valley Yorkville
Hlnds. Mendocino Ridge Cole Ranch Redwood
Valley Potter Valley McDowell Valley

• Potter Valley no wineries, good for SB for
  larger appellations
• McDowell Valley one-winery AVA pioneering
  Rhone-style varieties and blends
• Anderson Valley very diverse climate.
  Riesling,Gewurztraminer, Chardonnay, Zinfandel
  and sparkling wines
• do well here
• Mendocino Ridge Islands in the Sky, a
  seriesof mountaintop vineyards above the fog
  level at1200 feet, producing stunning zinfandel

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MendocinoAVAs
North Coast
Mendocino
Mendocino Ridge
Anderson Valley
Yorkville Highlands
Cole Ranch
Potter Valley
Redwood Valley
McDowell Valley
Sanel Valley
Ukiah Valley (pending)
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Mendocino RidgeIslands In The Sky
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Lake County

• Situated at the North end of Napa County, east of
  Mendocino
• Large area but wine culture is relatively recent
• Still struggling to establish its identity in the
  wine world
• Sauvignon Blanc is most significant grape at
  present
• Three AVAs Clear Lake --around Clear Lake in
  the southern end of Lake County. Standout
  for Sauvignon Blanc Guenoc Valley --another
  one-winery AVA, and fairly large in scope.
  Original property of Lillie Langtrys Ranch.
  Crisp SB, Petite Sirah and Zins are great, and
  CabSauv and Chardonnays are fine as
  well Benmore Valley --tiny AVA in South East
  Lake County approximately 1,000 acres

LakeCounty is experimenting with new
varietals, new blends, and new styles a dynamic
region
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South San Francisco BayTo Monterey
San Francisco Bay

• Amalgamation of all or parts of 7 different
  counties clustered around SF Bay--San Francisco,
  San Mateo, Santa Cruz (but not including the
  Santa Cruz Mountains AVA), San Benito, Santa
  Clara, Alameda, Contra Costa
• Critics say too diverse and too vague for an AVA
  Proponents say it helps give identity to area
  (and helps sales)
• Simplifies coastal appellations, with North,
  SF, Central, South

• Diverse area, variety of climates and
  micro-climates
• Several smaller AVAs, such as San Ysidro Ben
  Lomond Mt.
• Two most areas Santa Clara Valley Santa Cruz
  Mountains

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Central Coast

• Central Coast AVA
• Huge Appellation covering 1.5 million acres
• Commonly referred to as North Central South
  Central
• North Central
• Santa Clara Valley AVA, San Benito AVA, Monterey
  AVA
• Constellation region Almaden, Paul Masson
• South Central
• San Luis Obispo AVA
• Santa Barbara AVA

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Central Coast

• AVAs
• Livermore Valley
• Santa Cruz Mountains
• Santa Clara Valley
• San Ysidro
• Mount Harlan
• Carmel Valley
• Santa Lucia Highlands
• Chalone
• Arroyo Seco
• San Lucas
• Paso Robles
• York Mountain
• Edna Valley
• Arroyo Grande
• Santa Maria Valley
• Santa Ynez Valley

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Central Coast Monterey
AVAs Monterey Arroyo Seco Santa Lucia
Highlands Chalone Carmel Valley San LucasHames
Valley

• Began developing in 60s
• Visionaries chose it as a perfect example of
  terroir and microclimate
• On Monterey Bay, one of the coldest upwellings
  on the West Coast
• Desert air heats up everymorning and draws in
  cold air every afternoon
• Longest, slowest and coldest region--gives more
  fruit hang time and better fruit acids

Monterey
Chalone
Carmel Valley
Santa Lucia Highlands?
Arroyo Seco
San Lucas
Hames Valley
Monterey Chardonnay is a decided style intensely
tropical, well-balanced, intense acids, with
elements of pineapple, banana and citrus
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Monterey County and AVAs
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Monterey
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NorthCentral Coast
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SouthCentral Coast
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Central CoastSan Luis Obispo

• York Mountain one 30 acre mountaintop winery
  near summit
• Paso Robles Numerous wineries in the hot, high
  altitude Passof the Oaks. Excellent warm
  climate varietals (Zinfandel, Syrah). This is
  watershed for Salinas Valley/Monterey
• Edna Valley Small AVAprimarily
  Chardonnays/PN
• Arroyo Grande Similar climate to Edna Valley
  and Santa MariaValley. Chardonnay and Pinot
  Noir the major grapes

Paso Robles
York Mtn.
Edna Valley
Arroyo Grande
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Paso RoblesSanta Barbara
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Central CoastSanta Barbara County

• Two sub-AVAs Santa Maria Valley and Santa Ynez
  Valley
• Two valleys are bordered by San Rafael Mts. to
  the east, Santa Ynez Mts. to the south, and the
  Solomon Hills to the west
• Santa Maria Valley is cooler and lends itself to
  cool-climategrapes (Pinot Noir, Chardonnay)
• Santa Ynez is warmer and concentrates on warm
  climate varietals

San Rafael Mtns.
Solomon Hills
Santa Ynez Mtns.
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Sierra Foothills

• East of Sacramento, in Gold Rush Country
• Gold replaced by agriculture grapes are cash
  crop
• Four AVAs El Dorado --covers most of Amador
  County. Zinfandel is the staple grape, but
  CabSauv, Riesling, Merlot and Rhone varietals
  as well. Fair Play -- sub-AVA of El Dorado
  
• Fiddletown --in rolling meadows leading
  to Sierra Nevada Mountains. Much of
  states old vine Zinfandel, Petite Sirah,
  and Rhone-style varietals are grown
  here. Shenandoah Valley, California
  --straddles Amador County and El Dorado AVA.
  Renowned for producing exceptional Zins and
  Rhone-style wines.

Sierra Foothillsis one of the earliest areas to
become known for wine,thanks to the 49ers--not
thefootball team, the original49ers.
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Sierra Foothills AVA

• Produces less than 1 of California Wines
• Sierra Foothills AVA
• Amador County
• CA Shenandoah Valley AVA
• Fiddletown AVA
• El Dorado County
• Fair Play AVA
• El Dorado AVA
• Yuba County
• North Yuba AVA

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Sierra Foothills AVAVarietal Snapshot

• White grapes 194 acres Red Grapes 2,535
  acres
• Chardonnay 54 acres Zinfandel 1708 acres
• Sauvignon Blanc 47 acres Syrah 201 acres
• Viognier 31 acres Sangiovese 160 acres  
• White Muscat 17 acres Barbera 159 acres
• Orange Muscat 17 acres Cabernet Sauvignon 83
  acres
• Other 18 acres Cabernet Franc 38 acres
•   Primitivo 30 acres
• Merlot 26 acres Petite
  Sirah 17 acres
• Tempranillo 12 acres
• Mission 10 acres
• Other 93 acres

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Central Valley

• 55 total grape acreage
• Juice, raisins and bulk wine
• Areas to look for premium wines
• Lodi (Sacramento Delta Area)
• Clarksburg
• Merritt Island
• River Junction

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Central Valley

• The bulk wine producer of California
• Hot climate for high-volume production
• 200,000 acres planted to vines
• Huge wineries dominate
• Not considered a high-quality production area
• Allows bag-in-the-box, jug and volume brands to
  get varietiesat considerably lower price than
  areas like the North Coast
• Lodi AVA
• San Joaquin Valley

The concepts of low-yield farming, organic
farming, stress-grown grapes, density and such
that most grape growers/winemakers care about
seemto be moot here the grapes thrive on the
irrigated desert conditions andproduce
incredibly abundant fruit, but few ever expect
the Central Valley to become a significant
quality producing region.
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Southern California

• Temecula AVA
• Cucamonga Valley AVA
• Malibu-Newton Canyon AVA
• San Pasqual Valley AVA

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Temecula

• Southeast of Los Angeles
• Extremely warm, but with moderating maritime
  influences
• Rainbow Gap in Santa Rosa/Santa Margherita
  Mountainsallows cool ocean breezes twenty miles
  away
• Fast draining granitic sand soils washed down
  from mountains
• Small area, approximately a dozen wineries
• Production is overwhelmingly white

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CertifiedSpecialistofWineStudy Guide Review
Washington Oregon New York
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Washington and Oregon
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Washington
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Washington AVAs
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Washington AVAs

• Columbia Valley AVA
• this is one of the largest AVAs in the country,
  covering a third of Washington and spilling into
  Oregon.
• Yakima Valley AVA
• south central Washington
• Red Mountain AVA
• SE of Yakima Valley
• Horse Heaven Hills AVA
• South Central
• Walla Walla Valley AVA
• SE part of the state

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Washington AVAs

• Colombia Gorge AVA
• South, along Oregon Border
• Puget Sound AVA
• Only WA AVA west of the Cascades
• covers both sides of the Puget Sound from the
  Canadian border to south of Olympia.
• Wahluke Slope AVA
• January 1, 2006
• Native American for Watering Place.
• 20 of Washingtons production mostly red
  Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah.
• Lies entirely within the Colombia Valley AVA.
• The driest and warmest AVA in WA.

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Wine Laws

• In 1999 , Washington Wine Quality Alliance (WWQA)
  was formed to develop standards in winemaking and
  labeling.
• Wineries do not have to participate in the WWQA
  it is strictly voluntary.
• WWQA wines must either be produced from 100
  Washington grapes or identify the percentage of
  wine from each source on the label.
• WWQA defined the word reserve for Washington
  wineries
• Must not represent more than 3,000 cases or 10
  of a wineries production
• indicates the winemakers designation of this
  wine as being of a higher quality of other wines
  from that winery.

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Grape Varieties

• Reds
• Cabernet 6k acres
• Merlot 5.9k acres
• Syrah 2.1k acres
• Cabernet Franc 750 acres
• Others Lemberger, Malbec, Sangiovese, Pinot Noir
  and Zinfandel

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Grape Varieties

• Whites
• Chardonnay 6.6k acres
• Riesling 2.2k acres
• Sauvignon Blanc 710 acres
• Gewurztraminer 670 acres
• Semillon 550 acres
• Others Aligote, Madeleine Angevine, Muscat
  Canelli, Muller-Thurgau, Pinot Gris, Viognier and
  Roussanne

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Oregon
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Wine Laws

• Oregon state law requires Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris,
  Chardonnay and Riesling to have a minimum of 90
  to use the variety on the label.
• Exception Cabernet Sauvignon requires only 75
  for varietal labeling.

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Geography

• The Coast Range in Oregon provides a barrier to
  rain and cold off the Pacific, allowing vineyards
  to grow west of the Cascades.The Columbia River
  waterway provides an east-west corridor for
  grapevines along the WA-OR border.

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15 AVAs of Oregon

• Chehalem Mountains
• Dundee Hills
• Yamhill-Carlton District
• McMinnville
• Ribbon Ridge
• Eola-Amity Hills
• Southern Oregon

• Columbia
• Walla Walla
• Columbia Gorge
• Willamette Valley
• Umpqua Valley
• Rogue Valley
• Applegate is a sub-AVA within the Rogue Valley
• Illinois Valley is a sub-region of the Rogue
  Valley

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Willamette Valley

• Largest and coolest of the grape growing areas of
  Oregon.
• This AVA grows
• Pinot Noir
• Chardonnay
• Riesling
• Pinot Gris
• Pinot Blanc
• Gewurztraminer

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Umpqua and Rogue Valley

• Warmer and drier than Willamette AVA, these two
  smaller AVAs grow approximately 1,800 acres of
  grapes.
• Umpqua focuses on Chardonnay, Pinot Noir,
  Riesling, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc and
  Zinfandel.
• Rogue Valley is even warmer than Umpqua focuses
  on Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, Pinot
  Noir, Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc

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New Yorkand Other U.S. Winegrowing Areas
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Eastern U.S. Areas

• Eastern U.S. has more difficult growing
  conditions than those out West
• Harsh winters
• High summer humidity
• Additional mold, disease and pest problems
• Native American and French-American
  Hybridsremain prevalent due to resilience in
  difficult climate
• Vinifera increasing and expanding
• Southeastern Pennsylvania, Virginia, Finger Lakes
  and Long Island regions are notable for vinifera

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New York

• Only state east of Pacific Coast regions that
  produces a significant volume of wine
• In 2000, produced 40.8 million gallons
• As of 2004, 203 registered wineries(including HQ
  of worlds largest wine company)
• Because of cold, NY vineyards tend to be located
  near moderating bodies of water

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Major Wine Regions

• New Yorks four major wine regions are
• Long Island
• Hudson River Valley
• Finger Lakes
• Lake Erie(the region actually spans three
  states, NY, Ohio, PA)

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New York

• Hudson River Valley Region
• Oldest and smallest appellation in New York
• Vines were originally planted in 1677 by French
  Huguenots
• Both hybrid and vinifera varieties are grown in
  this area
• The Finger Lakes
• Cayuga Lake sub-AVA
• Seneca Lake sub-AVA
• A variety of grapes are grown here including
  Chardonnay and Riesling
• Renowned late harvest and ice wines, generally
  from French-American Hybrids

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New York

• Lake Erie
• The largest of New Yorks grape growing regions
  but produces the least wine
• Most grapes are the Concord variety and used
  primarily for grape juice.
• Long Island
• Long Island, North Fork of Long Island, The
  Hamptons sub-AVAs
• The newest New York region
• heavily planted to Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon.
  Cabernet Franc and Chardonnay.

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Seneca Wine Trail, New York
89
Pennsylvania/Lake Erie Wine Country
90
Other Areas

• Missouri
• Pennsylvania
• Ohio
• Arkansas
• Texas (7 AVAs)
• New Mexico (3 AVAs)
• Colorado (2 AVAs)
• Arizona

• Bonded wineries are in all 50 states
• Only 2.3 of total wine is produced outside
  Pacific states and New York