Massage 1

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Massage 1
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Goals of Session One

• History
• Individuals impacting on the development
• Know differences between recreational and
  therapeutic massage
• Basic requirements of massage
• Identify 6 factors inhibiting relaxation
• Explain 5 factors enhancing relaxation
• Direction and pressure
• Duration

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Lets Define Massage

• Massage is the therapeutic manipulation of muscle
  to achieve
• Relaxation
• Decrease edema
• Increase ROM
• Decrease Pain
• Stimulate

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Historical perspective

• Caveman rubbed to reduce pain most likely
• Chinese used massage as early as 2599BC
• Egyptians used it for sick and athletes
• Greeks used massage to improve physical health
  and beauty. Used massage at bathhouses
• Hippocrates (460-360bc) described massage for
  medical purposes
• Romans used at the turn of the century in
  conjunction with hot baths

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Whos Who in massage 1800s

• 1. Pehr Henrik Ling
• 1.Described four strokes effleurage,
  petrissage, friction, and tapotement.
• 2. James Mennell
• 1.Stressed care and gentleness- slow gentle
  rhythmical confident touch
• 2. Introduced principle of proximal to distal
  to relaese and increase flow of exercise waste
  products.
• 3.Apply warmth pre massage to create greater
  release of waste products

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Who???

• Mary McMillan
• 1.Incorporated positioning for relaxation while
  utilizing Lings 4 strokes.
• 2. Stated contact must be maintained once the
  massage is started
• 3. Set standards for
• Positioning
• Principles of general massage
• Time constraints
• draping

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Whos Who

• Elizabeth Dicke
• Responsible for CTM

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Whos Who

• James Cyriax
• Most effective form of massage is deep friction
• Use massage to release adherent tissue
• Provide movement to painful tissue
• Can be used in post cute or chronic phase of
  disease

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Massage in 2001.

• Generally not stand alone treatment
• Continues to be an important part of manipulation
  of the soft tissues. This skill is important
  hands on for PTs

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Difference between recreational massage and
therapeutic massage

• Recreational massage the manual techniques used
  are to relieve stress, promote relaxation and
  general wellness in a person who has no definable
  health problem.
• Therapeutic massage manual techniques used were
  designed to promote stress relief and relaxation,
  mobilize various structures, relieve pain and
  swelling, prevent deformity and promote
  functional independence in a person who has a
  specific health problem.

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Basic Requirements for Therapeutic Massage

• 1. PTyou demeanor beyond reproach.
  Professional appearance.
• 2. Anatomy you must know the structures you are
  touching to be effective
• 3. Hands? Clean, short nails, no jagged edges,
  warm and dry. Remove jewelry that will scratch
  the patient.
• 4. Lubricants?Allow for smooth glide

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Basic Requirements continued

• 5.Equipment? allow for adequate support of
  patient while maintaining access of part to be
  treated.
• Table
• Prone pillow
• Regular pillows
• Towels
• Sheets and Gown

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Basic Requirements continued

• 6.Draping and Positioning pt must be positioned
  properly to achieve desired effects and
  relaxation. Pt should be kept warm with clothing
  and or proper draping

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Requirements

• 7. Position body mechanics. Move and Sway.

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Components of Massage

• 1. Pt. Comfort
• 2. General and local relaxation of pt.

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Relaxation

• Inhibitory factors
• Pain,fear of pain
• Fear of unknown
• Strange surroundings
• Bright lights or too dark
• Cold, drafty room
• Difficulty breathing
• Fear of undressing
• Inadequate support,draping,position
• ing

• Facilitatory factors
• Quiet room
• Soft lighting
• Moderate temperature
• Draft free room
• Clean treatment area
• Well positioned, draped and supported patient
• Painfree/ decreased pain

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Components of massage continued

• Direction The direction of the stroke is
  related to some factor. Eg. The anatomic
  structure you are working on or the purpose of
  the massage(edema).
• Most times the direction is towards the heart to
  facilitate the venous and lymphatic flow.

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Components cont

• Pressure Depends on the stroke that is being
  used.
• Strokes that are too light often are sexually
  stimulating or tickling so avoid these.

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Components

• 5. Rate and Rhythm Depends on the stroke. In
  general massage is performed slowly, except with
  tapotment.
• Remember that slower strokes are more relaxing,
  and allow you to palpate and search easier

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Components

• Duration and Frequency
• The purpose of the massage determines the
  duration and frequency. Scar massage differs
  from edema massage.
• Mennell believed that with the very young and the
  very old massage should have decreased duration
  because the reflex arc is more sensitive to
  stimulation so the effect is achieved more
  quickly

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Duration and Frequency

• Neck 5-6
• Full back 10
• Upper ext. 8-10
• Lower ext. 10-12
• Face 4
• Full body 45-60

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Components

• 6. Changes in Signs and Symptoms
• Note changes that occur within the session and
  from session to session.