Hawaiian Politics During the 19th Century

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Hawaiian Politics During the 19th Century

• By Kamaileokalani Kelekolio
• Andrew Coon

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Agenda

• Pre-Contact Hawaii
• Pivotal Events in Hawaiian History
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop
• King Kalakaua
• Queen Liliuokalani
• Fight for Self-Determination

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Pre-Contact HawaiiBefore 1778

• Depended on balanced use of land and sea products
• Okana (districts)?Ahupuaa, access to all
  necessities of life
• Non-existent concepts
• Money
• Surplus
• Financial profit

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Pre-Mahele HawaiiBefore 1842
Akua
AliI Nui
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The Mahele of 1842

• Western powers and missionary duplicity forced
  transformation of land tenure
• Dispossession of land
• Concept of Capitalism
• Allowed foreigners to own land

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Bernice Pauahi BishopDecember 9, 1831 October
16, 1884

• Adopted at birth by Princess Kinau
• Bernice Pauahi did not accept the throne after
  her father past away, her actions gave rise to
  House of Kalakaua.
• Controversy about her Will

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David La?amea Kamanakapu?u Mahinulani
Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalakaua November 13,
1836- January 20 1891

• February 12, 1874 took thrown
• Died in San Francisco, CA
• Adopted by the chiefess Haaheo Kaniu,
• Age 4, returned Oahu to begin education at the
  Chiefs' Children's School.
• Became fluent in English and Hawaiian,
• Took to study law at the age of 16.

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Sugar Interest

• The Reciprocity Treaty helped to expand the Sugar
  Industry in Hawaii
• Doubled and tripled exports of Sugar in the
  1880s.
• Hawaiis sugar industry became U.S. largest
  Import of sugar.
• Native-Hawaiians did not receive any monies or
  benefits from the U.S., hurt Hawaiis economy.

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Military Interest

• The Hawaiian Islands are the gateway to the west.
  
• War strategy, to keep Hawaii as the top naval
  base in the US. To keep control of the Pacific.
• This was done for trade and mainly to watch over
  the exportation of Sugar to the US.

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The Reciprocity Treaty of 1876

• Treaty between two countries, conferring equal
  privileges regarding customs or charges on
  imports, or other respects.
• The treaty gave free access to the US market to
  sugar and other products grown in Hawaii starting
  in September of 1876.
• In return, the US gained lands at Puu Loa for
  the Pearl Harbor naval base.

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Bayonet Constitution

• The 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii,
  commonly known as the Bayonet Constitution.
• Stripped the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its
  authority and disenfranchised all poor citizens,
  while empowering rich citizens, primarily those
  of American and European descent but also
  including some native Hawaiian elites.

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Queen Lydia Liliuokalani (September 2, 1838 -
November 11, 1917)

• Last reigning monarch
• Mission preserve the islands for their native
  residents.
• Born in Honolulu, high chief, Kapaakea and the
  chiefess Keohokalole
• Adopted at birth by Abner Paki and Konia.
• Age 4, attended the Royal School.
• Became fluent in English influenced by
  Congregational missionaries.

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McKinley Tariff of 1890

• Detrimental to the American people made the mass
  of people significantly less wealthy in real
  terms since everything cost more.
• The Tariff of 1890 destroyed the sugar cane
  industry of Hawaii leading to the Overthrow of
  the Hawaiian Monarchy.

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Overthrow

• Jan. 15-17, 1893
• Queen Liliuokalani attempted to promulgate a new
  constitution
• Military Pressure
• Fearful for her
• people
• Statehood 1959

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The Fight for Self-Determination

• Language Revival (Punana Leo)
• Merrie Monarch
• Nov. 23, 1993 U.S. Congress adopted, and
  President Clinton signed, a joint resolution of
  apology to Native Hawaiians for the overthrow of
  the Hawaiian kingdom 100 years earlier.
• Modern sovereignty movements

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Will there ever be Hawaiian Self-Determination