HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE - AWARENESS

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HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
- AWARENESS

• 29 CFR 1910.120
• Revised July 2000

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Objectives

• Define your role at the Awareness level?
• Clues to be gathered upon discovering an
  incident.
• Be able to read placards and labels.
• Able to read and interpret the DOT book.
• Able to implement site security and control.
• Understand the basics of an Emergency Response
  Plan

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Role of First Responder - Awareness 29 CFR
1910.120(q)

• Likely to witness or discover release.
• Trained to initiate emergency response.
• Take no further action .

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FIRST RESPONDER AWARENESS LEVEL

• Understand what hazardous materials
  are and their risks in an incident.
• Understand the potential outcome of an emergency
  created when hazardous materials are present.
• Ability to recognize the presence of hazardous
  materials in an emergency.

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• Ability to identify hazardous materials if
  possible
• Role of the First Responder in the Emergency
  Response Plan including site security control
  and DOTs Emergency Response Guidebook.
• Ability to realize the need for additional
  resources and to make appropriate notification to
  communication center.

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HISTORY

• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
  1986 (SARA)
• allocated funds to develop health and safety
  training for workers involved in transportation,
  storage, or disposal of hazardous waste.

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Hazard Recognition

• Definitions
• Hazardous substance OSHA
• Hazardous waste EPA
• Hazardous material DOT

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Hazardous Substance - OSHA

• A substance which may result in adverse affects
  on the health and safety of employees
• A substance included as a hazardous material by
  DOT and as a hazardous waste by EPA

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Hazardous Waste - EPA

• Poses unreasonable risk to health, safety or
  property when transported in commerce for the
  purposes of treatment, storage, or disposal as
  waste

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Hazardous Material - DOT

• Any substance or material in any form or
  quantity which poses an unreasonable risk to
  safety and health and property when transported
  in commerce

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Chemical Hazards

• Flammable
• Corrosive
• Reactive
• Toxic
• Sudden Release of Pressure (explosion)
• detonation and deflagration

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Physical Hazards to Employees

• Radiation
• Electricity
• Stress
• Heat/Cold
• Slips, trips, falls
• Steam Chemical clouds

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Biological Hazards

• Infectious Hospital Waste
• Research Materials
• Raw sewage (hepatitis A, E-coli)
• Bites from vectors (ticks, rats, wild dogs)

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Modes and Routes of Entry

• Mode
• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Injection
• Absorption

• Route
• Respiratory System
• Gastrointestinal Sys.
• Skin
• Skin

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Health Effects

• Acute
• body response at time of exposure, typically a
  high concentration, or a few days after exposure.
• Chronic
• body response takes a long time after repeated or
  prolonged exposures.

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Definitions

• PPM
• TLV
• PEL
• REL
• TWA

• C
• STEL
• IDLH
• OSHA
• ACGIH
• NIOSH

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Inhalation Hazard?

• Handy rules of thumb
• vapor pressure
• lt10 mmHg slow
• 10-50 mmHg medium
• gt50 mmHg fast
• evaporation rate
• lt0.8 slow
• 0.8 - 3 medium
• gt 3 fast

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Target Organs

• Nephrotoxin - kidneys
• Hepatotoxin - liver
• Neurotoxin - CNS
• Hemotoxin - blood
• Mutagenic - genetic material
• Teratogenic - fetal deformities
• Carcinogenic - cancer causing

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Factors of Toxicity

• Time Frequency (TWA, STEL)
• Route by which exposure occurs
• Physical chemical form of the substance
• Dose delivered

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Fire Explosion Characteristics

• Components of Combustion
• Fuel
  Oxidizer
• Ignition Sources

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Fire Explosive Characteristics Sources of
Ignition

• Cigarettes
• Welding
• Grinding / Cutting
• Unprotected electrical equipment
• Open flames
• Hot surfaces
• Static electricity
• Oxidizing chemicals

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Classes Of Fires

• Class A
• Class B

• Class C
• Class D

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• Class A/Ordinary Combustible -Extinguish with
  water
• Class B/Flammable Liquids. Use a Dry Chemical
  Extinguisher
• Class C/Electrical Equipment. Use a CO2
  Extinguisher
• Class D/Combustible Metals. Use a Dry Powder
  Extinguisher

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Terminology Flammable

• Flash Point
• Ignition
• Auto Ignition
• Lower Flammability Limit

• Upper Flammability Limit
• Combustible
• Flammability Range
• Oxidizers

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Flammable vs. Combustible

• Flammable
• A liquid with a flash point below 100oF
  (Source 29 CFR 1910.106)
• A liquid with a flash point below 141oF (Source
  DOT)

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Combustible

• A liquid with a flash point at or above 100oF but
  below 200oF (Source 29 CFR 1910.106)
• A liquid with a flash point at or above 141oF but
  below 200oF (Source DOT)

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Hazard Identification

• Labels and Placards
• Other Documentation (MSDS)
• Container Shape

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Labels and Placards

• DOT System
• NFPA System
• HMIS System

COR
1831
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DOT System

• Shipping papers
• Markings
• Labeling
• Placarding

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Shipping Papers

• Proper shipping name
• Hazard class (9 classes)
• Identification number
• Packing group
• Container type
• Quantity
• Shipper data
• Emergency phone number

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Markings

• Proper shipping name
• Identification number
• Address of the shipper

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Labels Placards

• Graphic representation of the hazard
• Labels on packaging/containers
• Placards on the outside - ends sides of trucks,
  rail cars, freight containers

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NFPA SYSTEM

• Diamond-shaped
• Color-coded in 4 small diamonds
• Blue Health risk
• Red Flammability
• Yellow Reactivity
• White Special information
• Number-coded in the red, blue, and yellow
  diamonds

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Chemical Name
Health Hazard
Fire Hazard
Flash Points 4-Below 73 F 3-Below 100 F 2-Below
200 F 1-Above 200 F 0-Will not burn
4-Deadly 3-Extremely Hazardous 2-Hazardous 1-Sligh
tly Hazardous 0-Normal material

Specific Hazard
Reactivity
4-May detonate 3-Shock and heat may
detonate 2-Violent chemical change 1-Unstable if
heated 0-Stable
Oxidizer OX Use NO WATER W
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HMIS Hazard Materials Identification System

• Rectangular
• Color-coded
• Blue Health risk
• Red Flammability
• Yellow Reactivity
• White Special information/PPE

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Hazard Materials Information Sheet
Health
Flammability
Reactivity
PPE
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NFPA vs. HMIS

• NFPA is geared for fire emergencies
• HMIS is geared for everyday use
• NFPA and HMIS numbers are often in conflict
  (especially health and reactivity)
• HMIS includes necessary PPE
• NFPA includes special hazards

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Other Documentation

• MSDS
• Shipping Containers
• Shipping Papers (Bill of Lading)

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How hazardous is it??

• Percent by weight
• How volatile it is (vapor pressure)
• Lowest exposure limit
• Physical form
• Route of entry
• Chronic vs. acute
• Where is it? (out in open, confined area)

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Division of Safety Hygiene
Hazard Communication 96-97
Material Safety Data Sheet
Identify (As Used on Label and List) Note
Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is
not applicable, or no information is available,
the space must be marked to indicate that.
Manufacturers Name Emergency Telephone
Number Address (Number, Street, City, and ZIP
Code) Telephone Number for Information Date
Prepared Signature of Preparer (optional)
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Division of Safety Hygiene
Hazard Communication 96-97
Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information
OSHA PEL
Other Limits Recommended
Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity
Common Name(s)
ACGIH TLV
Optional
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Division of Safety Hygiene
Hazard Communication 96-97
Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific
Gravity (H2O 1) Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.)
Melting Point Vapor Density (AIR 1)
Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate 1) Solubility
in Water Appearance and Odor
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Division of Safety Hygiene
Hazard Communication 96-97
Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits
LEL UEL Extinguishing Media Special Fire
Fighting Procedures Unusual Fire and Explosion
Hazards
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Division of Safety Hygiene
Hazard Communication 96-97
Reactivity Data
Stability Unstable Conditions
to Avoid Stable
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts
Hazardous May Occur
Conditions to Avoid Polymerization
Will Not Occur
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Division of Safety Hygiene
Hazard Communication 96-97
Health Hazard Data
Route(s) of Entry Inhalation? Skin?
Ingestion?
Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)
Carcinogenicity NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA
Regulated?
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by
Exposure
Emergency and First Aid Procedures
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Division of Safety Hygiene
Hazard Communication 96-97
Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or
Spilled Waste Disposal Method Precautions to Be
Taken in Handling and Storing Other Precautions
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Division of Safety Hygiene
Hazard Communication 96-97
Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)
Ventilation Local Exhaust Special
Mechanical
Other Protective
Gloves Eye Protection Other
Protective Clothing or Equipment Work/Hygienic
Practices
(General)
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Containers
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Types of Containers

• Drums and Totes
• Above ground tanks
• Underground tanks
• Tanker trailers
• Ponds or lagoons
• Compressed gas cylinders

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Container Inspection

• Symbols, words or markings identifying the
  content
• Signs of deterioration - corrosion, rust, leaks,
  crystallization around opening (peroxides)
• Signs of container under pressure - bulges
  swelling
• Drum type
• Drumhead configuration

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North American Emergency Response Guidebook
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK
Yellow Section

• ID - United Nations (Numerical Order)
• Guide - Orange Pages
• Material Name

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Blue Section

• Material Name (Alphabetically)
• Guide Number (Orange Section)
• ID

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Orange Section

• Potential Hazards - (Fire/Explosion, Health)
• Public Safety - (Notification, PPE, Evacuation)
• Emergency Response -(Fire, Spill/Leak, First Aid)

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Green Section

• Table of Initial Isolation and
• Protective Action Distances
• Small And Large Releases
• Day And Night

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Emergency Response Plan
ERP
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS
Elements

• Emergency escape procedures route designations
• Procedures for employees who stay to operate
  critical operations before they evacuate.
• Accountability procedures for all on-site
  personnel.

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EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS

• Elements continued
• Rescue and medical responsibilities
• Fire and emergency reporting
• Emergency call list for notification
  and assistance
• PPE emergency equipment

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RISK ASSESSMENT

• Probability of an unwanted event.
• Hazards associated with event.
• Control measures.

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Hierarchy of Controls A. Engineering
B. Administrative work practices C.
Respirators and PPE
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Engineering Controls

• Pressurized cabs on heavy machinery
• Control booths
• Remotely operated material handling equipment

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Work Practices

• Remove all non-essential personnel
• Wetting down dusty operations
• Locating employees upwind of possible hazards

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The potential risk from the many hazardous
properties of any particular material will vary
depending on the conditions during the emergency.
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In addition to being able to recognize what has
already happened in an emergency, it is necessary
to recognize the potential for other problems
i.e. a small fire could develop into an
explosion.
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• For an Emergency Response Plan to be effective,
  it requires
• pre-planning
• Training or exercise (Table Top)
• critique/follow-up.

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Additional Resources
A first responder must become familiar with the
capabilities and limitations of the emergency
response team in order to determine the need for
additional help or resources.
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SITE SECURITY AND CONTROL

• Safe distances
• Evacuation isolation
• Places of refuge

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Site Security Control cont.

• point of entry
• site maps
• area entry logs
• boundaries

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Site Security and Control cont.

• Accessibility of potential routes
• Multiple evacuation routes
• Mark evacuation routes
• Make escape routes known to all

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COMMUNICATIONS
----First Responder - Awareness has the ability
to make appropriate notifications to the
communications center.
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Communications
Internal
megaphones bullhorns compressed air horns site
alarms
bells whistles telephones sirens pagers
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PLUS . . .
colored flags flares hand signals lights signal
boards
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External Forms of Communication
Telephone hookups Cell phones Radio