XRAY CIRCUITY

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X-RAY CIRCUITY
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CIRCUITRY EQUIPMENTREVIEW

• Rt 244 WEEK 10 - 2006

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3 SECTIONS

• PRIMARY (CONTROL PANEL)
• SECONDARY (HIGH VOLTAGE)
• FILAMENT (LOW CURRENT)

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CIRCUITRY

• PRIMARY CIRCUIT CONTROL PANEL
• FILAMENT CIRCUIT varies current sent to the
  filament in order to provide the required mA
  value
• SECONDARY CIRCUIT high voltage transformers,
  rectification x-ray tube

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IMPORTANT PARTS TO ID

• Incoming Line voltage
• Circuit Breaker
• Autotransformer
• Kvp Taps
• Volt Meter
• Exposure switch
• Timer
• Step Up Transformer

• mA meter
• Variable resistor/rheostat
• Step down transformer
• Rectifier
• Ma Meter
• X-ray tube

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Circuitry Source Carlton Adler (1996).
Principles of radiographic imaging An art and a
science. (96-99).

• MAIN CIRCUIT
• ? Modifies incoming current to produce x-rays
• ? Boosts voltage to range necessary produce
  x-rays.?
• ? Modifies incoming line power to produce
  thermionic emission from the filament wire.

• FILAMENT CIRCUIT
• Filament circuit adjusts to mA ratings (50, 100,
  200, etc.).?
• After mA selection, current sent to step down
  transformer to modify amps that reach

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AUTOTRANSFORMER

• RAISES OR LOWERS THE VOLTAGE
• KVP TAPS LOCATED
• 220 VOLTS INCOMING CONVERTED FROM 100 T0 300
  VOLTS
• VOLTMETER - OFF OF AUTOTRANSFORMER

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AUTOTRANSFORMER
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TIMER SWITCH

• Timer switch ends exposure (unless exposure
  button is let go prior to end of exposure because
  of dead man switch) .
• Timer circuit controls number of photons
  produced.
• TYPES
• MECHANICAL NO LONGER USED
• spring wounded, and not very accurate.
• Synchronous timers synchronous motor w/60
  revolutions/second min. exposure time is 1/60
  sec, and timer in multipulse
• (i.e., 1/30,1/20).
• AEC - TIMERS monitors time and mA and
  terminates exposure when desired mAs is attained.
  Designed to provide the highest safe tube
  current for the shortest time.
• mA METER located on secondary side of high
  voltage section.

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generator
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generators

• Fuction to change mechanical energy in to
  electrical energy
• Electrical current flowing through a conductor in
  one direction is _______
• A battery is a source of direct current

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X-Ray Tube Circuit
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Rectification AC to DC

• Single phase 100 ripple
• Three phase supeimposes 3 AC waveforms each
  separated from each other by 120 results in
  nearly constant potiential 13 or 4 ripple

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HIGH FREQUENCY

• 60 Hz TO 6,000 Hz 1 ripple contstant
• Capacitor discharge Mobile Units
• Depression of exposure button causes charges a
  capacitor instead of an xray tube - light ready
  on when capacitor is fully charged the exposure
  switch triggers the discharge power supplied by
  batteries (plug in portables)

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TRANSFORMERS

• INCREASE THE VOLTAGE TO THE TUBE
• SEE OTHER PRESENTATION

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TRANSFORMERS

• STEP UP OR DOWN
• OPEN CORE, CLOSED CORE OR SHELL TYPE
• ABOUT 95 EFFICIENT
• AUTOTRASFORMER _____ induction
• Functions to provide ___________
• Both types require AC for operation

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Filament Current

• Current comes from Autotransformer
• Filament Rheostat controls the Ma selection
• Ammeter shows current to
• Step down transformer
• Focal Spot Selector Switch located here

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FILAMENT CURRENT
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MA METER

• MA METER THAT IS LOCATED AFTER THE RECTIFER IS TO
  MEASURE THE MA GOING TO THE XRAY TUBE
• AMMETER ON FILAMENT SIDE MEASURES THE CURRENT
  TO THE STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

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• Mains
• Autotranformer
• Kv selector
• Line voltage compensator adjusts for
  flucutations in incoming voltage

• Timers (terminiates the exposure regulates the
  length of exposure)
• (spinning top test QC)
• Backup timer (AED fails)
• Exposure Switch remote controlled to start the
  exposure
• Ma meter
• Rectifer
• Xray Tube

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INDUCTION

• MUTUAL INDUCTION
• SELF INDUCTION

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Electricity

• Is more efficiently tansported over long
  distances at low currents ahd high volatage in
  order to avoid large power losses

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AC

• Amplitude and polarity of the current vary with
  time
• AC sinusoidal wave
• AC varies amplitude and periodic reversal of
  polarity

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• A coil of wire is a helix
• Supplied with current it is a solenoid
• Add an iron core simple form of
• ELECTROMAGNET

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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

• 3 WAYS TO CREATE MOTION BETWEEN LINES OF FORCE
  AND A CONDUCTOR
• Move the conductor through mag field
• Move magnetic lines of force
• Vary the magnetic flux

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Faradays law

• Regulate the strength of the induced current
• Strength of the Magnet
• Speed of the motion
• Angle of the magnet
• Number of turns on the conduction coil

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TYPES OF EQUIPMENT

• FIXED
• MOBILE
• DEDICATED
• MAMMO , CHEST, HEAD

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PRACTICESTUDYREVIEW

• YOU CAN DO IT !!!!!