Outlining

1
Outlining

• The outline is your most important tool in
  constructing a well-developed and easy to follow
  speech.
• Fujishin on page 100

2
Procedures and Skills

• In this class, you will learn a set of procedures
  and a set of skills for preparing and delivering
  an effective speech.
• The outline is one of the most important
  procedures.

3
On Speech Days

• Frenetic Pace.
• About half the sessions in this class.
• Professor using lap top.
• Time in between speeches.
• Never walk in during the middle of a speech.
• You choose where you deliver the speech.
• Student evaluations.
• All members of same group always go on same day.
• Must give undivided attention.
• Grades handed back when all speeches are
  complete.
• Videotaping.
• Visual aids.

4
Peer Interview Speeches

• 5 of your grade.
• Must have definitive themeno laundry lists.
• 2-3 minutes.
• Should focus on one aspect of your peers life or
  personality and then provide detail.
• Need definitive introduction, body, and
  conclusion.
• No visual aid.
• No videotaping.
• Outline is 30 follow directions.

5
Outlines

• Major ideas and their relationship to one
  another.
• Written in full sentences or phrases with a
  heading, indentation, coordination, and
  subordination.
• Software programs have formatting features or
  style tools that automatically format outlines .

6
The Outline

• Instead of writing out the entire speech word for
  word
• A brief organization of the main thoughts of a
  speech.
• Allows the speaker to speak from the heart and
  present a conversational way.

7
Just Enough

• True eloquence consists of saying all that
  should be said and that only.
• - Francois De La Rochefoucauld

8
Organize Before Outlining
Topic The Five Stages of Culture Shock
General Purpose To inform
Specific Purpose To inform my audience about
the five stages of the psychological pheno
menon known as culture shock and to
demonstrate these stages with real-life
examples
Thesis Statement Culture shock is a real
psychological process that typically
progresses through five stages honeymoon,
disintegration, reintegration, autonomy, and
interdependence.
9
Organize Before Outlining
Topic High Flying Jane Smith
General Purpose To introduce Jane Smith to the
public speaking class
Specific Purpose To inform the audience about
how Jane Smith has two very different
personalities the mild-mannered one we see in
class and the one that makes her a fearless
skydiver by explaining how each personality is
different and how they are alike.
Thesis Statement Jane Smith may be mild
mannered in class, but all that changes when
she is participating in her favorite hobby,
sky diving.
10
Sum Up Before Outlining

• If you cant explain your presentation in a
  sentence, youre not ready to outline yet.

11
Traffic Light Rule

• If you cant sum up your speech in the amount of
  time it would take to cross the street, you
  havent organized and narrowed things down enough
  yet.

12
Coordination points are arranged into various
levels

• I. Major point
• A.First-level supporting point
• 1. Second-level supporting point
• 2. Second-level supporting point
• a. Third-level supporting point
• b. Third-level supporting point
• B. First-level supporting point
• II. Major point
• A. First-level supporting point
• B. First-level supporting point

Points on a specific level have the same value or
weight
13
Indentation formatting by spacing inward
various levels of points

• I. Major point
• A. First-level supporting point
• 1. Second-level supporting point
• 2. Second-level supporting point
• a. Third-level supporting point
• b. Third-level supporting point
• B. First-level supporting point
• II. Major point
• A. First-level supporting point
• B. First-level supporting point

Alternate letters and numbers
14
Subordination Placement of supporting points
under major points

• I. Major point
• A. First-level supporting point
• B. First-level supporting point
• II. Major point
• A. First-level supporting point
• B. First-level supporting point

15
Outlines have 3 Basic Parts

• Introduction includes attention getter and
  preview
• Body 75-80 of your speaking time and outline
• Conclusion sum up and leave them with something
  memorable
• These will start fairly simply and get more
  complicated as the speeches get longer and more
  complex

16
The Foundation

• Everything that happens in your presentation
  comes from the outline.
• The better organized you are the more likely you
  are to deliver an effective presentation.

17
Note Cards

• Key words and phrases.
• For example, Story about Monks
• Key word approach helps jar your memory.

18
Creating Speaking Note Cards

• Write legibly print or type key words.
• Number your cards.
• Write on only one side of each card.
• Delete nonessential words.
• Use five or six lines per card.
• Highlight important ideas.
• Practice in front of another personyour most
  critical friend.
• Use cards unobtrusively.

19
Delivery RemindersOr Stage Directions

• Your note cards should provide you with important
  nonverbal cues.
• 80 of the information the audience will receive
  from your presentation will be nonverbal.
• Choose a few areas that you need improvement upon
  to emphasize for each speech.

20
Delivery Reminders

• Can use words or symbols
• Slow down
• Pause
• Gesture
• Emphasize
• Eye Contact
• Keep hands steady
• Posture
• Relax
• Breath

21
Jaffe, p. 203
22
Nonverbal Communication

• Your body movement, gestures, voice, and facial
  expressions should reinforce the emotional
  appeals you are using. If your material is sad,
  look, talk, and move as if you are sad. If the
  material is joyous, look, talk, and move as if
  you are joyous. Dont give your audience mixed
  messages.
• -Fujihsin on page 161

23
Creating an Outline on Standard Paper

• Use plenty of space between sections.
• Use highlighter pens.
• Use different font sizes and features.
• Dont staple.

24
Speaking Outlines
Key words remind you of your ideas
Advice words remind you of your delivery
25
8 Attention Getters

• Audience Question
• Amusing Anecdote
• Startling Statement
• Startling Statistic
• Hypothetical Situation
• Quotation
• Joke
• Paint a Picture

26
Public Speaking Glossary
27
Animation and Enthusiasm

• Enthusiasm helps engage the audience. If you
  dont care, why should the audience. Animation
  is the physical display of your enthusiasm
  through techniques such as gesturing and body
  movement.

28
Attention Getter/Opening

• You need to really grab your audiences attention
  right from the beginning of your speech. If you
  dont interest them in the first 15-20 seconds,
  you will have a difficult time maintaining their
  attention.

29
Body Movement

• Movement can add emphasis and enhance meanings.
  It engages the audience by increasing the visual
  elements of the speech and helps guard against
  ineffective listening.

30
Conclusions

• The end of your speech is every bit as important
  as the beginning of your speech. Those last
  15-20 seconds will determine whether your
  audience comes away from your speech feeling
  exhilarated or let down.

31
Enunciation

• This is saying each word individually, or
  speaking clearly. When enunciation is spotty,
  you are usually merging words together due to a
  rapid pace. If you merge words together, the
  audience loses much of the meaning. You need to
  make sure that you build some pauses into your
  presentations.

32
Eye Contact

• Eye contact is important because it builds trust
  and credibility with the audience. You need to
  make sure that you make eye contact with the
  entire audience, not just one part of the
  audience.

33
Facial Expressions

• Similar to gesturing, facial expressions help to
  enhance and emphasize word meanings.

34
Filler Words

• Words such as um and uh are inserted while
  you are thinking. Instead of using these words,
  just be silent for a moment. The audience needs
  resting points to process the information in your
  speeches. Using filler words hurts your
  credibility and obscures meanings for the
  audience.

35
Gesturing

• Gesturing is important because it helps enhance
  and emphasize word meanings.

36
Humor

• Humor is important because it relaxes the speaker
  and engages the audience.

37
Inflection

• This is the emphasis you put on certain words in
  your presentation. Little inflection leads to a
  monotone delivery style, which is ineffective.

38
Intermittent Eye Contact

• When a speaker makes only occasional eye contact
  with the audience, it usually happens because the
  speaker is too dependent on her or his note
  cards.

39
Laundry List

• An ineffective organizational style in which a
  speech comes across as a series of loosely
  related facts instead of a clearly unified whole
  with a clear theme.

40
Pacing

• When your pacing is rapid, the audience has a
  difficult time absorbing the material in your
  speech. This can also cause some of your words
  to merge together, making it difficult for the
  audience to identify individual words. As a
  result, they lose some of the meanings contained
  in your speech.

41
Posture

• An upright posture puts your body in the best
  position to engage the audience and to gesture
  and project your voice effectively.

42
Pretzel Legs

• When your posture is leaning in a way where you
  legs cross, creating the shape of a pretzel.
  This type of posture affects credibility and
  compromises your ability to gesture and project
  your voice effectively.

43
Resonant Voice

• Your voice has resonant qualities (strong and
  deep in tone resounding).

44
Sing Songy

• A sing songy delivery is a programmed up and
  down style of delivery. The audience begins to
  anticipate, and sometimes wrongly, where the
  important meanings will occur. As a result, the
  audience can get bored.

45
Train of Thought

• The connections that link the various parts of an
  argument together. When you lose your train of
  thought, it creates awkward pauses and a
  disjointed delivery. This causes problems for
  the audience in trying to understand your
  message. It also affects your credibility.

46
Wooden/Memorized Delivery

• A delivery style that appears stiff, unnatural,
  and without spirit. This is usually the result
  of a preparing a verbatim script and memorizing
  it in advance or reading it word for word from a
  script. Research has shown that audiences react
  more favorably to an Extemporaneous delivery
  style.

47
Glossary

• You need to understand some public speaking
  terminology to get the full benefit from my
  evaluations.