LAND REFORMS DIVISION

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A PRESENTATION on DEPARTMENT OF LAND
RESOURCES
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Department of Land Resources(DoLR) Evolution

• 1985 - Creation of the National Wastelands
  
• Development Board (NWDB) under
  the Ministry of Environment Forests
  
• 1992 - Setting up of the Department of
  Wastelands Development (DoWD)
  under the Ministry of Rural Development
• Transfer of NWDB to DoWD

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Department of Land Resources(DoLR) Evolution
(contd.)

• 1999 - The Department renamed as the
  Department
• of Land Resources ( DoLR )
• - Land Reforms Division of MoRD
• transferred to DoLR
• - The following Area Development Programmes
  were brought under DoLR
• Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)
• Desert Development Programme (DDP)

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Wastelands Development Programmes

• Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)
• Desert Development Programme (DDP)
• Integrated Wastelands Development Programme
  (IWDP)
• Technology Development, Extension Training
  (TDET)

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WASTELANDS ATLAS OF INDIA

• A study on the "Identification of Wastelands in
  India" was commissioned by DoLR in collaboration
  with the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA),
  Hyderabad.
• The Wastelands Atlas of India (WAI) was released
  by the Prime Minister on 22.05.2000.
• WAI contains maps on a 150,000 scale for
  different categories of wastelands in the
  districts.

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EXTENT OF WASTELANDS IN INDIA
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WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

• The Hanumantha Rao Committee (1994) recommended
  Watershed Approach for implementation of DPAP,
  DDP and IWDP
• The common Guidelines for implementation of DPAP,
  DDP and IWDP were formulated and made effective
  from 1.4.1995
• The Committee also identified Blocks based on
  scientific parameters for DPAP DDP.
• The common Guidelines were revised in 2001 to
  infuse greater degree of flexibility and
  transparency in implementation and to provide for
  effective role to PRIs.

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NEW INITIATIVE HARIYALI

• Following the 73rd 74th Amendment to the
  Constitution, the PRIs have been mandated with an
  enlarged role in the implementation of
  developmental programmes at grass-roots level.
• The Guidelines for Watershed Development (2001)
  did not provide for a pivotal role to the PRIs.
• The new initiative Hariyali is a major step
  towards this direction.
• 
  contd/

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NEW INITIATIVE HARIYALI (contd)

• The institutional framework of Watershed
  Associations (WA) and Watershed Committees (WC)
  were perceived as parallel bodies, with very
  little co-ordination between them and the Gram
  Sabhas/Gram Panchayats.
• To eliminate this plurality/lack of
  co-ordination, implementation under Hariyali has
  been entrusted to GP and GS in place of WC and WA
  respectively.

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NEW INITIATIVE HARIYALI (contd)

• The Hariyali Guidelines suggest that preference
  should be given to PRIs for appointment as PIAs.
  Failing this a suitable govt. department may be
  appointed. Only if both these options are not
  possible, ZPs/DRDAs should consider appointing a
  reputed NGO.
• There are representations from some NGOs that
  their role has been diminished in the Hariyali
  Guidelines.

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OBJECTIVES OF WATERSHED PROJECTS

• RAISING GROUND-WATER TABLE
• IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF DEGRADED /
  WASTELANDS
• PREVENTING LAND DEGRADATION
• CONSERVING ECO-FRAGILE LANDS
• INCREASING FUEL, FOOD FODDER
• IMPROVING RURAL ECONOMY

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Activities Undertaken in Watershed Projects

• Land Development including in-situ soil and
  moisture conservation measures like contour and
  graded bunds fortified by vegetation, bench
  terracing in hilly terrain.
• Drainage line treatment with a combination of
  vegetative and engineering structures.
• Development of small water harvesting structures
  such as low-cost farm ponds, check-dams and
  percolation tanks.
• Nursery raising for fodder, timber, fuel wood and
  horticultural species.

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Activities undertaken in Watershed Projects
(contd)

• Afforestation including block plantations,
  shelter belts, sand dune stabilisation, etc.
• Agro-forestry and horticultural development.
• Pasture development either by itself or in
  conjunction with plantations.
• Setting up revolving fund not exceeding Rs.1 lakh
  to be given as seed money to SHGs at a rate not
  exceeding Rs.10,000 per SHG for undertaking
  income generating activities.

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COVERAGE

• DPAP covers 74.59 mha in 972 Blocks of 182
  Districts in 16 States
• AP (94) Bihar (30)
• Chhatisgarh (29) Gujarat (67)
• HP (10) Jharkhand (100)
• JK (22) Karnataka (81)
• MP (105) Maharashtra (149)
• Orissa (47) Rajasthan (32)
• Tamil Nadu (80) UP (60)
• Uttaranchal (30) West Bengal (36)
• 
  contd/

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COVERAGE (contd)

• DDP covers 45.79 mha in 235 Blocks of 40
  Districts in 7 States
• AP (16) Gujarat (52)
• Haryana (44) HP (3)
• JK (12) Karnataka (22)
• Rajasthan (86)
• IWDP covers generally non-DPAP and non-DDP
  Blocks. Projects under implementation in 374
  Districts.

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Budget (Rs. in Crores)
Proposed
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FUNDING PATTERN

• A cost norm of Rs 6000 per ha is adopted since
  1.04.2000.
• A watershed of about 500 ha is normally selected
  for each project under DPAP and DDP.
• DPAP 75 Central Share
• 25 State Share
• DDP 75 Central Share
• 25 State Share
  
• IWDP 91.66 Central Share
• 8.34 State Share

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PRESENT STATUS OF IWDP

• Since April 1995 till March 2004, 662 (190)
  projects for treatment of an area of 50.78 lakh
  ha. have been sanctioned.
• Hariyali projects

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PROGRESS OF IWDP
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PROGRESS OF IWDP (contd)
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PROGRESS OF IWDP (contd)
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PRESENT STATUS OF DPAP

• Since April 1995 till March 2004, 18803 (2535)
  projects for treatment of an area of 94.01 lakh
  ha. have been sanctioned.
• Hariyali projects

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PROGRESS OF DPAP
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PROGRESS OF DPAP (contd)
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PRESENT STATUS OF DDP

• Since April 1995 till March 2004, 9876 (1562)
  projects for treatment of an area of 49.38 lakh
  ha. have been sanctioned.
• Hariyali projects

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PROGRESS OF DDP
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MONITORING MECHANISM FOR IWDP/DPAP/DDP

• A three-tier system of monitoring of projects
  adopted
• At the Central level, periodic reviews by
  Secretary (RD), Programme Divisions and Area
  Officers.
• At the State level, State Watershed Development
  Committee reviews and monitors the programmes.
• At District level, Project performance is
  monitored by DRDAs/ZPs in co-ordination with the
  State Watershed Development Committee.
• Monitoring is also done through social audit by
  local stakeholders and also by vigilance
  committees.

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EVALUATION MECHANISM FOR IWDP/DPAP/DDP

• Mid-term and Final Evaluation of Projects are
  conducted by States.
• Specific Impact Assessment Studies of completed
  projects are conducted by Centre.
• Supplementary Observation Mechanism through
  District/State Level Institutions is used for
  quick feedback on project status.
• Evaluation is done by Agencies like Independent
  Institutions / Individuals.
• Quick Intensive Evaluation of certain Watershed
  Projects is undertaken.

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IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES

• MAJOR FINDINGS
• Improvement in ground water level, cultivated
  area and productivity of Land
• Decrease in soil erosion, runoff loss and silting
  of ponds, tanks and dams
• Increase in availability of fuel-wood, fodder,
  milk production and employment
• Improvement in overall socio-economic status of
  rural people living in/around watershed areas

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SUCCESS STORIES

• IWDP Project in Kurnool District of Andhra
  Pradesh
• Project period 1995-96 to 2000-01
• Area Cost 7330 ha. Rs.2.93 crores
• Location Peapully Mandal (13 Micro-watersheds)
  in Kurnool District.
• Activities
• 65 SHGs and 91 UGs formed in 13 micro-watersheds
• Soil and moisture conservation works
• Water harvesting structures
• Plantations horticulture
• Impact
• The dried wells in the area rejuvenated
• The old and abandoned water supply system
  recharged
• The drinking water situation markedly improved
• Revolving fund supported the poor families in
  establishing own business
• Women thrift groups formed and self employment
  activities promoted.

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SUCCESS STORIES (Contd.)

• DPAP Project in Khandwa District of Madhya
  Pradesh
• Project period 1995-96 to 2000-01
• Area 823 ha.
• Location Dantha Village in Khandwa District
• Activities
• Total water management approach adopted through
  ridge to valley treatment
• A series of drainage-line earthen checks and
  continuous contour trenches, field bandhs and
  kundis were made which do not allow water to flow
  more than 10m. Even if there is a rainfall of
  20cm in a day.
• Impact
• All the 46 existing dugwells had water throughout
  the year and 102 new dugwells were constructed.
• The water table rose by 40-60 feet providing
  enough water for rabi crop
• The water availability in the village increased
  from 12.5 hect-metre to 305 hect-metre.
• The cultivable area gone up from 300 ha. to 421
  ha. and the productivity from 16-17 quintals to
  30-35 quintals per ha.
• The no. of milch cattle increased by 100.

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ISSUES OF CONCERN

• Delay in execution
• Delay in submission of release proposals
• Maintenance of assets
• Mid-Term Evaluation and Post project Evaluation

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RECENT INITIATIVES

• The Pradhan Mantri Grameen Jal Samvardhan Yojana
  (PMGJSY) was announced on 15th August 2002 for
  augmentation of water resources in DPAP and DDP
  areas .
• A mission for development of Bio-fuel has been
  launched. The Detailed Project Report (DPR) is
  being prepared.
• Maru Gaucher Yojana initiated during 2003-04
  for the development of traditional pasture (orans
  and gauchars) in 10 desert Districts of Western
  Rajasthan. Now transferred to Department of
  Expenditure.
• A Task Force on Integrated Development of Desert
  Areas is proposed to be constituted by Department
  of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance with
  DoLR as Nodal Department.

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RECENT INITIATIVES (Contd.)

• Setting up of a Watershed Mission
• The Mohan Dharia Committee (1994) suggested that
  all land Development Programmes implemented by
  various departments be coordinated.
• President, in his address to the Houses of
  Parliament on 23rd February 2000, indicated that
  these programmes should be under the control of a
  single Deptt. i.e. DoLR.
• The Standing Committee on Urban and Rural
  Development also recommended that programmes
  relating to watershed and wastelands development
  should be brought under one umbrella.
• A Cabinet Note in this regard is lying with the
  Cabinet Secretariat since 1st October 2003

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COMPONENTS OF LAND REFORMS

• Abolition of intermediary tenures
• Tenancy Reforms
• Ceiling on ownership of Agricultural Holdings
• Distribution of Ceiling Surplus Land/Government
  Wastelands/Bhoodan Land
• Prevention of Alienation and Restoration of
  Alienated Tribal Land

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ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF LAND REFORMS

• Intermediaries abolished on 150 lakhs acres of
  land and ownership rights have been granted to
  200 lakh tillers.
• 124.22 lakh tenants rights protected over 156.30
  lakhs acres of land.
• An area of 52.93 lakh acres of ceiling surplus
  land distributed to 56.73 lakh rural poor,
  51 of which constitute SC/ST beneficiaries.

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ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF LAND REFORMS
(Contd..)

• An area of 147.47 lakh acres of Government
  wastelands and 21.75 lakh acres of Bhoodan land
  distributed among eligible rural poor
• 4.47 lakh acres of alienated land restored to
  Scheduled Tribe land owners.
• An area of 1633.47 lakh acres have been
  consolidated in the country.
• 582 districts have been covered under the scheme
  of Computerisation of Land Records and it has
  been extended to 3142 taluks/tehsils/blocks in
  the country.

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COMPUTERISATION OF LAND RECORDS (CLR)

• The Scheme of computerisation of land records
  (CLR) was started in 1988-89.
• This is a 100 funded scheme being executed by
  the State Governments.

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OBJECTIVES

• To provide computerized copies of the Record of
  Rights(ROR) other land related information to
  the Land owners on demand.
• To ensure accuracy, transparency, durable
  preservation and speedy dispute resolution.
• To facilitate fast and efficient retrieval of
  information for decision making.
• Focus on effective public delivery of e-services
  from the computer centre to implement
  e-governance at grass root level.

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COVERAGE UNDER THE SCHEME

• Scheme started during 1988-89 in 8 pilot
  districts.
• The initial data entry work was carried at
  district level.
• So far, 582 districts have been covered.
• In 1997-98, the scheme was extended to
  Tehsil/Taluk/Block level.
• So far, 3142 taluks and 201 sub-divisions have
  been covered.

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PRESENT STATUS

• Computerisation of Land Records Project has been
  sanctioned in 582 Districts 3142
  Tehsils/Taluks/Blocks and 201 Sub-Divisions of
  the country.
• In 2172 tehsils, computer centres have been set
  up and in 1553 tehsils wherein computerized
  copies of ROR are being issued to the landowners.
• Since inception Rs.300.51 crores has been
  released to the States / Union Territories out of
  which, Rs.203.01 crores has been utilized so far.

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BHOOMI PROJECT OF KARNATAKA - HIGHLIGHTS

• Facility to Finger print biometrics
  authentication to ensure fool proof
  authentication system and to enforce the concept
  of non-repudiation.
• Scan the field mutation order passed by revenue
  authorities and the notice served on the public.
• Land Records Centre in each taluk office for
  public interface.
• Synchronizes with the regular fieldwork done by
  Village Accountants and Revenue Inspectors.
• Provision for interfacing of Touch Screen Kiosks
  at taluk office.
• Fully online system to carry out mutations on
  land records data.

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STRENGTHENING OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION
UPDATING OF LAND RECORDS

• The scheme was started in 1987-88 with 5050 fund
  sharing basis between Centre and the States with
  a view to improve the land records and creating
  infrastructural facilities to Revenue and Survey
  Settlement Department to improve their
  efficiency.
• Under the scheme, funds are provided for
  strengthening of existing infrastructural
  facilities and setting up of new survey and
  settlement training institutions.
• So far Rs. 265.97 crore have been released to
  States as Central share out of which Rs. 170
  crore have been utilized upto 31st March, 2004.

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LAND ACQUISITION (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2004

• The basic objectives of the LA (Amendment) Bill
  are as follows
• To simplify and streamline the existing procedure
• Speedy acquisition to avoid cost escalation.
• Liberal compensation.
• Ensure transparency.
• Finality of Award and reduce litigation.
• Transparency and accountability.

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LAND ACQUISITION (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2004 (Contd)

• The LA (Amendment) Bill, 2004 has been approved
  by the Group of Ministers and vetted by the
  Ministry of Law
• Cabinet Note along with draft Bill was submitted
  to Cabinet Secretariat on 23-01-2004 for its
  consideration.
• The Cabinet Secretariat has directed to circulate
  the Bill to concerned Ministries and submit the
  same after the formation of the 14th Lok Sabha.

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NATIONAL POLICY ON RESETTLEMENT REHABILITATION
- 2003

• The National Policy on Resettlement
  Rehabilitation 2003 has been approved by the
  Union Cabinet on 15-01-2004 and the same has been
  published in the Gazette of India
  (Extra-ordinary).
• A copy of the Policy has been sent to Central
  Ministries/Departments and States for its
  implementation.

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Objectives of RR Policy

• Minimize displacement and identify
  non-displacing or least displacing
  alternatives in consultation with requiring
  body.
• Holding consultation with the Project Affected
  Families (PAFs) while preparing RR
  Plan/Scheme.
• To ensure protection of the interest of PAFs of
  STs and vulnerable sections.
• It lays down minimum norms for RR Packages.

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APPLICABILITY/MONETARY BENEFIT OF RR Policy

• The Policy will be applicable to projects
  displacing 500 families enmasse in plain areas
  and 250 families or more in hilly areas, DDP
  blocks, areas mentioned in Schedule V VI of the
  Constitution of India.
• The Policy would be in the form of broad
  guidelines and executive instructions for
  guidance of all concerned.
• The RR grants and other benefits proposed under
  the policy would be minimum and applicable to all
  PAFs whether belonging to BPL or non-BPL (except
  one-time house construction grant of Rs.25,000/-
  only for BPL PAFs).
• Tribal families resettled out of the
  district/taluk will get higher RR benefits to
  the extent of 25 in monetary terms.
• There will be Monitoring and Review Committee at
  the Project Level to monitor review the
  progress of implementation of scheme/plan of RR.

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THANK YOU