Simulation of Information Metrics to Assess the Value of Networking in a General Battlespace Topolog

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Simulation of Information Metrics to Assess the
Value of Networking in a General Battlespace
Topology
2008 IEEE International Conference on System of
Systems Engineering

• Y-Q Chen and P. E. Pace
• Center for Joint Services Electronic Warfare
• Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
• NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
• Monterey, CA 93943
• Tuesday, TuP2

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Net-centric warfare (NCW) - Introduction

• Past fifty years there has been a major shift in
  how warfare is conducted.
• Platform-Centric Warfare to Network-Centric
  Warfare (NCW)
• Composed of an integrated system-of-systems to
  extend capabilities across all the platforms on
  the network to pursue the maximum efficiency in
  mission execution.
• New constructs now possible
• self-synchronization of ground, air and sea
  forces.
• NCW pushes information to the edge
• Focus is on combat power projection that is
  generated from networking of war fighting
  enterprise.
• must avoid the chaos from ad-hoc networks that
  are formed by the interaction between members of
  coalition forces

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Network Space Battlespace Metrics and
relationships

• Increase in information processing capability
  sequentially results in enhancement of
  situational awareness and operational tempo that
  affect the maneuverability, decision speed,
  lethality, and agility on battlefield.

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Network Space Battlespace Agility and the OODA
cycle rate
Observe
Orient
Decision
Action
OODA networked force

• Agility ability of organization to sense and
  respond to advancement opportunities in order to
  stay ahead and competitive on a turbulent
  battlefield quickly.
• Highly dependent on operational tempo.
• Comparison of fast and slow operational tempo
  upper force (low operational tempo) can only
  respond to events maximum of 3 times. The fast
  operational tempo can react 5 times (represents
  better agility).

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Reference, and Realistic Networks
K1
Reference Network
K1
B
A
Homogenous, fully connected, All node
capability values K 1
D
K1
C
K1
K1
Realistic Network
K1
B
A
Reference network with symmetry breaks in
nodes and links
D
K0.2
C
K0.3
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Generalized Connectivity Measure

• Time dependent
• Sum of value of all nodes and their connections
  scaled by length of routes and directionality

Route length or of links
nodes connected to node routes
connecting pair of nodes node
capability value info flow parameter of route
connecting node
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Breakdown
Time-independent Value component
Time-dependent Flow component scaled by route
length
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Connection Capacities

• Connection has Maximum flow capacity

Connection has NO flow capacity
If route unidirectional (one way only)
Note order of nodes matters
and
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Connectivity Equation

• To illustrate, we start with the following
  assumptions
• Connectivity time-independent
• Any two nodes are connected (or not)
• and
• and
• and

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Revisiting the Reference Network

• Network with
• Identical nodes and links
• Full connectivitiy

K1
K1
B
A
D
K1
C
K1
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Reference Connectivity Measure
Numerator is number of possible routes of length
by denominator

• Reference network has highest connectivity
  measure of any network with same nodes
• We can use as a normalization factor for
  connectivity measure

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Network Reach (IR)

• Dimensionless
• Normalized connectivity measure
• Reference network allows us to investigate
  varying degrees of network connection,
  non-identical nodes/links
• Reference network with broken symmetries

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Network-Centric EW Suppression Example
EA-6B K 1.0
RQ-1 Predator K 0.5
No information relay
Special Operations K 0.3
AC-130 Gun ship K 0.85
SA-10
EA-18G K 1.0
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Reference Connectivity Measure
Network-Centric EW Suppression Example (contd.)
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Network Reach
Network-Centric EW Suppression Example (contd.)
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Network-Centric EW Suppression Example (contd.)
Finally,
EA-6B
UAV
AC-130
EA-18G
Special Operations

• Low value due to
• Reduction in node values
• Loss of information rerouting options

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Extended Generalized Connectivity Measure

• We can generalize by considering partial
  efficiency of route
• For instance, if a traversed node on one route
  has a low capability ( ), this route will
  not be able to maintain full capability in
  information flow.
• A new definition

• Where represents the with the lowest
  capability value (bottleneck) in route .

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Electronic attack

• JSR is used to represent effect of jamming on
  existing information exchange link. When JSR is
  higher than given threshold (determined by the
  receiver properties), information link is
  regarded as unavailable.

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Network Richness
Minimum rate of information processed by node
Rate of information processed by node

• Knowledge function

• Richness

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Characteristic Tempo

• Avg. knowledge rate shared

Level of information

• Information exchange capability

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Maximum Operation Tempo

• Operation tempo is not a fixed value
• The operational tempo calculated here represents
  the maximum value due to the limitation of the
  network topology and nodes capabilities

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Three Information Nodes with One Jammer

• Total Time Indexes represents number of time
  indexes that are calculated in the simulation.
• Offers ability to include movement of all assets.
  
• This property is set to three (total of three
  calculations of all metrics done).
• Position refers to initial position of each
  node.
• Velocity is movement of each node per time
  index.

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Simulation results
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Summary

• Introduced metrics that are used to quantify the
  information network in the NCW environment.
• MATLAB program developed for simulation.
• Example used to illustrate concept of metrics.
• Degradation due to electronic attack also
  included.
• Simulation program allows for analysis of large
  and complex networks/jammers.