Security Environment

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Security Environment

• U.S.
• Japan
• China
• South Asia

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U.S. in Asia-Pacific

• Begins with the annexation of Hawaii and the
  Philippines in 1898
• Strategic importance of Asia-Pacific has been
  rising to the U.S.
• Pacific War (1941-1945)
• Korean War (1950-1953)
• Vietnam War (1959-1975)

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U.S. National Interest

• U.S. national interest in Asia
• Regional peace stability
• presence of 100,000 military personnel
• Expansion of democracy
• Market economy
• Individual rights
• Counter-terrorism

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Japan

• One of the most important components of U.S.
  security policy in Asia-Pacific region
• U.S.-Japan alliance survived 4 decades thanks to
  the Cold War
• United States-Japan Security Treaty of 1951
• did not oblige U.S. to protect Japan
• revised in 1960 to add prior consultation

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U.S.-Japan

• Guidelines for U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation in
  1978
• maintain a credible U.S. defense commitment to
  Japan
• the framework to fight the new Cold War
• Guidelines for U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation in
  1997

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Self-Defense Forces
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Obstacles

• Obstacles to Japans use of military forces
  overseas
• domestic political opposition
• Asian neighbors wartime memories
• economic recession
• aging population

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Chinas Reemergence

• Largest population
• Largest army
• One of the largest economies
• Open to foreign trade
• trade volume 2.6 trillion US in 2008
• Foreign direct investment
• Stock of inward FDI 0.8 trillion US
• Stock of outward FDI 0.1 trillion US

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Taiwan

• Relationship between Taipei and Beijing
• 1950s through 1970s
• continuation of the GMD-CCP civil war (1927 - )
• Beijing to liberate Taiwan
• Taipei to gloriously retake the mainland
• 1980s
• Beijing attracting investments from Taiwan
• Taipei allowing investment on mainland

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U.S. Strategic Ambiguity

• 3 Joint Communiqués between PRC and US in 1972,
  1979, and 1982
• Taiwan Relations Act of 1979
• Strategic Ambiguity
• ambiguous commitment to Taiwans defense
• ambiguous policy on arms sale to Taiwan
• ambiguity on the definition of One China

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Dual Deterrence

• No provocation on either side
• Maintain stability and status quo

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South China Sea
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South China Sea
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India-Pakistan Wars

• 1947-1949, Kashmir
• 1965, Kashmir
• 1971, East Pakistan (Bangladesh)