Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse

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Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse

• Dr. Milton H. Cambridge
• Demand Reduction Outreach and Prevention
  Coordinator

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Raves

• Early 80s subculture in England
• Clandestine or commercialized
• Loud techno music/dancing
• Lights and visual stimuli
• Promoted as Alcohol Free
• Club drugs bought, sold, consumed
• Unique costumes or themes

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Environment

• All night event
• Clandestine warehouses, deserts, woods, etc.
• Commercialized established clubs
• Hot
• Loud
• Crowded
• Dancing
• Criminal element often present

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Promotions

• 14-25 year olds targeted group
• Alcohol-free events
• Appearance of not promoting drug use
• Websites, posters, word of mouth
• Paraphernalia available on internet
• Spiritual or cultural stimulation/ enhancement
• One website rated the social and sexual
  performance, hangover, and spiritual effects of
  drugs no mention of dangers

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Rave Paraphernalia

• Water bottles
• Light sticks
• Pacifers
• Bags of small candy/breath mints
• Eye-drop bottles
• Dust surgical masks/Vicks Vapo-Rub
• Caffeinated beverages
• OTC stimulants

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Dangers

• Dehydration
• Hyperthermia (high body temperature)
• Caused by drugs, heat, and dehydration
• Drug use (intentional or unintentional)
• Crime (sexual physical assault, homicide,
  robbery, property damage, etc.)
• Crowds
• Hearing loss over long periods of exposure
• Lack of compliance with safety regulations

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Club Drugs and Trend Drugs

• Ketamine
• Rohypnol
• Viagra
• Oxycodone
• PCP
• Heroin
• Inhalants
• Marijuana
• Dextromethorphan

• Ecstasy
• Ecstasy Viagra
• Ecstasy Prozac
• Ecstasy Ketamine
• Ecstasy LSD
• Methamphetamine
• PMA
• 4-MTA
• GHB
• LSD

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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

• E, XTC, X, rolling, tachas, snackies, speedies
• Stimulant and hallucinogenic properties
• Effects increased stimuli sensations
• Signs euphoria, involuntary teeth grinding
• Causes memory loss, brain damage, Alzheimers
• OD hyperthermia, teeth clenching, seizures,
  unconsciousness, heart failure, heat stroke
• Route ingested, snorted, injected
• Onset/Duration 30-60 minutes/4-6 hours

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Total Ecstasy ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Ecstasy ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
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Methamphetamine

• Speed, ice, crystal, crank, batu, christmas
  trees, pink, elbows, Ozs, cinnamon, blade
• Schedule II, stimulant for ADD, narcolepsy
• Signs tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia,
  violent behavior
• OD agitation, hostility, hallucinations,
  seizures, hyperthermia, death
• Chronic use causes paranoia, hallucinations,
  picking at the skin, violent erratic behavior
• Route ingested, smoked, snorted, injected
• Onset/Duration depends on route/6-8 hours

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Yaba

• Methamphetamine caffeine
• Crazy medicine, Hitlers drug, Nazi speed
• Red, orange, or green small pills, most commonly
  with WY stamped on them
• Originated in Thailand
• Signs tachycardia, dehydration, paranoia,
  sweating, insomnia, irritability, hallucinations,
  depression
• Route Oral, inhalation, injection
• Onset/Duration depends on route/6-8 hours

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Paramethoxyamphetamine

• PMA, 4-MA, death, Mitsubishi double stack
• Synthetic hallucinogen
• Signs tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea,
  hyperthermia, nystagmus, muscle spasms, visual
  hallucinations
• OD dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema, renal failure,
  vomiting, seizures, coma (60mg), extreme
  hyperthermia (108? hours after death)
• Onset/duration depends on route
• Route ingested, inhaled, injected
• Esp. hazardous with other amphetamines, alcohol,
  cocaine, prozac

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4-Methylthioamphetamine

• 4-MTA, MTA, flatliners, golden eagle
• Resembles amphetamine, developed as an
  anti-depressant, releases serotonin
• Effects Stimulant/euphoric effects
• Signs restlessness, muscle twitches, involuntary
  muscle contractions, tremors, seizures, coma
• Duration up to 12 hours
• Route ingested
• Unknown toxicity side effects
• Sold as ecstasy

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4-Methylthioamphetamine
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Methamphetamine ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Amphetamines ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Amphetamines ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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GHB

• Gamma Hydroxybutyrate, C4H8O3
• Georgia Home Boy, Grievous Bodily Harm, liquid X,
  goop
• Made from sodium / potassium hydrochloride
  gamma-butylrolactone (GBL)
• Signs drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
  status seizures, respiratory depression/cheyne-sto
  kes, coma
• OD unconsciousness, muscle stiffness, seizures,
  severe respiratory depression, coma
• Route ingested (liquid)
• Onset/Duration 10-20 minutes/2-4 hours
• If made incorrectly, can burn mouth esophagus

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GHB/GBL ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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LSD

• D-lysergic acid diethylamide
• Acid, cid, blotter acid, candy flipping
• Most powerful hallucinogen known
• Put in gel wraps, breath fresheners, Smartie
  candies, blotters, sugar cubes
• Signs hallucinations, tachycardia, hypertension,
  dilated pupils, hyperthermia, nausea, vomiting
• OD exaggerated signs as above, death is rare
• Route ingested, snorted, injected
• Onset/duration 20-90 minutes/6-12 hours

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LSD ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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LSD ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Ketamine Hydrochloride

• Special K, K, Ket Kat, Cat Valium
• Dissociative anesthetic
• Signs hallucinations, vomiting, hypertension,
  bradycardia, irrational behavior, seizures,
  respiratory depression, unconsciousness, hypoxia.
• Long-term side effects of regular use unknown
• Onset/duration 15 sec-5 mins/30-60 mins
• Route Oral, snorted, injected
• 4/21/02 DEA seized 3,998 vials (Missouri)

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Ketamine ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)

• Roofies, Mexican valium, roach-2, rope, rib
• Sedative, prevents seizures (not in the U.S.)
• Signs drunkenness, unsteadiness, slurred
  speech, drowsiness, amnesia
• OD CNS depression, bradycardia, coma, death
• Used in the commission of date rapes
• Onset/duration rapid onset/8 hours or more
• Route dissolved in water, alcohol, other
  liquids can be snorted

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Rohypnol ED Mentions
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Sildenafil (Viagra)

• Trail mix, sextasy, hammerheading
• Treatment of impotence
• Used to counter sexual dysfunction caused by
  ecstasy
• Dangerous with nitrates (amyl nitrate) or
  nitrites (heart medication)
• 4 hours can cause anatomical damage

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Oxycodone (Oxycontin)

• Oxys, oxycotton, OCs, killer, blue, valerie, rush
• Analgesic, equally potent as morphine
• Effects Euphoria
• Signs euphoria, pinpoint pupils, dizziness,
  confusion, decreased breathing and heart rate
• OD respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils,
  coma, seizures
• Onset/duration depends on route/8-12 hours
• Route snorted, ingested, injected
• Narcan will reverse effects

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Oxycodone ED Mentions
Includes mentions for oxycodone,
acetaminophen-oxycodone and aspirin-oxycodone
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Cocaine

• Powder blow, coke, snow, yao, DP, perico,
  p-packs
• Crack rock, bullets, maa, monkey nut, yam, CDs
• Most powerful natural stimulant
• Effects Stimulant
• Signs dysrhythmias, chest pain, increased heart
  and respiratory rates, hypertension, dilated
  pupils, restlessness, blurred vision, dizziness,
  seizures
• Crack Lung chest pain, cough w/hemoptysis,
  dyspnea, bronchospasm, pruritis.
• OD hyperthermia, hallucinations, seizures,
  respiratory failure, death
• Onset/duration 4-6 secs/depends on amount
• Route injected, snorted, smoked

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Cocaine ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Cocaine ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Phenyl Cyclohexyl Piperidine (PCP)

• Embalming fluid, rocket fuel, elephant, hog
• Veterinary analgesic
• Signs delirium, violent erratic behavior,
  hypertension, tachycardia, rapid shallow
  breathing, sweating, flushed skin
• OD bizarre, violent and self-destructive
  behavior, feelings of invulnerability
• Onset/duration depends on route/4-8 hours
• Route injected, snorted, smoked

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PCP ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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PCP ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Heroin

• 747, bart simpson, dinosaur, homicide, Monica
  Lewinski, Bin Laden, Jerry Springer
• Developed as an alternate to morphine
• Signs respiratory depression, constricted
  pupils, nausea vomiting, warm flushed skin, and
  dry mouth. User goes on the nod
• OD severe respiratory depression, apnea, coma,
  death
• Onset/duration 1 min/several hours
• Route ingested, injected, snorted, smoked

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Heroin ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Heroin ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Inhalants

• Bagging, huffing
• Petroleum or chemical product with strong fumes
• Signs euphoria followed by depression,
  stimulation, distortions in time space,
  headache, nausea vomiting, slurred speech, loss
  of motor coordination, wheezing, dyspnea
• OD coma, apnea, heart failure, death
• Onset/duration instantaneous/short duration
• 2 of 4th and 12th graders used monthly (1998)
• 2 of 8th graders used at least once (1999)

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Inhalant ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Top 10 Inhalants 1995 2002
Paint (1,762), but no ED Mentions 2001, 2002 No
ED mentions 2001, 2002 No ED mentions 2002 No
ED mentions 2001
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Marijuana

• delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
• Triple a, crank, schwagg, kryptonite, spliff,
  hydro, LG, chiefing
• THC concentration 1970, 6
• Sensamilla rose from 6-13 as high as 33
• Signs dizziness trouble walking silly and
  giggly red, bloodshot eyes impaired memory
  distinctive odor on clothes, hair, skin
• Onset/duration 3-4 minutes/2-3 hours
• Route smoked, eaten

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Marijuana ED Mentions
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Marijuana ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning
Network
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Dextromethorphan

• DXM, DM, Robo, Velvet, Rojo
• Dosages 100-1500 mg or 1.5 mg/kg 30 mg/kg
• Effects hallucinations, dissociative effect
• Signs drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, nystagmus,
  decreased LOC, hyperthermia, drunk and stoned
  appearance
• OD slurred speech, lethargy, sweating, weak
  pulses, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, ?CNS
• Onset/duration depends on route/6 hours
• Route Oral, inhaled
• Often sold as or mistaken for ecstasy
• Can cause false positive for PCP
• 1,467 tablets seized in raid, Albany, NY

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Dextromethorphan ED Mentions
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5-MeO-DiPT

• 5-Methoxy-di-isopropyl-tryptamine
• Foxy, Methoxy Foxy
• Tryptamine hallucinogenic
• Effects euphoria, increased stimuli, increased
  sexual and emotional feelings
• Signs auditory hallucinations, visual
  distortion, jaw clenching, diarrhea, nausea,
  severe anxiety
• Onset/duration 20-60 mins/14 hours
• Route ingested, snorted

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Alpha-methyltryptamine

• AMT, IT-290
• Hallucinogen
• Capsule with orange, yellow, or off-white powder
• Effects stimulation, mood elevation,
  hallucinations
• Signs increased energy, empathy, visual
  patterns, nausea, vomiting, headaches, teeth
  clenching, blurred vision, anxiety
• Onset/duration 10 secs-2 hours/14 hours
• Route ingested, smoked
• Long term effects unknown

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Benzylpiperazine, Trifluromethylphenalpiperazine

• BZP, legal E, Legal X, A2, often sold as ecstasy
• Stimulant with amphetamine- and ecstasy-like
  properties effects
• Signs tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia
• Causes hallucinations, seizures, and respiratory
  depression at high doses
• MSDS dyspnea, delayed pulmonary edema, chemical
  burns to respiratory tract on inhalation
• Onset/duration depends on route/6-8 hours
• Route oral (tablets/pill) or smoked (freebase)
• Labeled industrial or commercial bottles

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Useful Websites
www.monitoringthefuture.org www.streetdrugs.org ww
w.treas.gov/usss www.dea.gov www.drugabusestatisti
cs.samshsa.gov www.inhalants.org www.drugabuse.gov
www.health.org
www.nida.nih.gov www.clubdrugs.org www.projectghb.
org www.stopdrugs.org www.adhl.org www.teenchallen
ge.com www.samsha.gov www.familyawareness.org