History of the Internet

1
History of the Internet
2
1957

• USSR Launches Sputnik

3
1957

• Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
• Formed in the Department of Defense
• Establish US lead in science and technology
  for military purposes

4
1969 - ARPANET

• Department of Defense Advanced Research
• Projects Agency created ARPANET
• Designed to develop Multiple computer
  networks
• Intercomputer communication

5
1969 - ARPANET

• Originally connected four universities

University of California Santa Barbara
Stanford Research Institute
University of Utah
UCLA
6
1970s - Networking Tools

• 1972
• The first e-mail management program is developed
• _at_ adopted for e-mail addresses
• National Center for Supercomputing Applications
  (NCSA) develops the telnet application for remote
  login

7
1970s - Networking Tools

• 1973
• FTP (file transfer protocol) was introduced to
  transfer files between nodes
• 1974
• TCP (Transmission control protocol) was designed
• 1978
• TCP split into TCP and IP (Internet Protocol)

8
1980s - Networking

• 1982/83
• The first desktop computers appear

9
1980s - Networking

• 1983
• TCP/IP suite of networking protocols, or rules,
  became the sole protocols of ARPANET
• The term Internet came about as the network of
  networks which use these protocols or could
  interact with them

10
1980s - Networking

• 1984
• Domain Name System (DNS) introduced
• Computers on the network can be accessed by
  Domain Name (words) rather than an IP address
  (numbers)

11
1980s - Networking

• 1985/86
• The nations six supercomputing centers were
  connected by the National Science Foundation
  (NSF) and named the NSFNET backbone
• Regional networks were then connected to the
  NSFNET to expand access

12
1980s - Networking

• 1987
• Merit Network, Inc. was awarded a grant to
  operate and manage further development
• Merit Network, Inc. collaborated with IBM and MCI
  to research and develop faster networking
  technologies

13
1980s - Networking

• 1988
• An Internet Worm burrows through the net,
  effecting 6,000 of the 60,000 hosts on the
  Internet
• The backbone was upgraded to T1, which means it
  transmitted about 50 pages of text per second

14
1980s - Networking

• 1989
• Number of hosts breaks 100,000
• Other countries connect to the Internet

Australia,
Germany,
Israel,
Italy,
Japan,
Mexico,
Netherlands,
New Zealand,
Puerto Rico,
United Kingdom
15
1990s WWW

• 1990
• ARPANET was dissolved
• More countries join the Internet

Argentina,
Austria,
Belgium,
Brazil,
Chile,
Greece,
India,
Ireland,
Korea,
Spain,
Switzerland
16
1990s WWW

• 1991
• Gopher, a menu-based method for providing and
  locating information on the Internet, was
  developed
• World Wide Web (WWW) was released, which was
  developed by Tim Berners-Lee
• WWW introduced hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
  and hyperlinks which organized, presented, and
  accessed information on the Internet

17
1990s WWW

• 1991
• Additional countries join the internet

Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Hong Kong,
Hungary,
Poland,
Portugal,
Singapore,
South Africa,
Taiwan,
Tunisia
18
1990s WWW

• 1993
• NSFNET backbone network was upgraded to T3,
  allowing it to transmit about 1400 pages of text
  per minute
• Mosaic and Netscape Navigator were introduced,
  which made the Internet appealing to the public
• 17 more countries connect to the Internet.

19
1990s WWW

• 1994
• Communities begin to be wired directly to the
  Internet
• Shopping malls arrive on the Internet
• Arizona law firm spams the Internet e-mail
  advertising Net citizens flame back
• Traffic passes 10 trillion bytes/month
• 22 more countries connect to the Internet

20
1990s WWW

• 1995
• vBNS (very high speed backbone network system)
  replaced NSFNET using Network Service Providers,
  regional networks, and Network Access Points
• Sun launches Java
• Real Audio lets the Net hear in near real time

21
1990s WWW
1995

• Traditional online dial-up services (CompuServe,
  America Online, Prodigy) provide Internet access
• 22 more countries connect to the Internet

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Traffic on the Internet

• 1996
• 29 more countries connect to the Internet
• 300,000 websites
• 1997
• 47 more countries connect to the Internet
• 1,200,000 websites
• Traffic over the Internet is doubling every 100
  days

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Internet Growth
7,078,000
3,689,000
1,682,000
603,000
23,500
10,000
623
Sites of web servers (one host may have
multiple sites by using different domains or port
numbers)
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Internet Terminology

• Internet Interconnected network of computers,
  each of which has the ability to send and receive
  information
• Node Any device such as a PC that is connected
  to a network
• Address Read by computers as a series of
  numbers which uniquely identify each node.
  Translated to humans as descriptive names. For
  example, cs.wvu.edu
• Protocol Universally agreed upon set of rules
  for computer communication
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
  Protocol) Formal acronym for the suite of
  internet protocols
• Telnet Provides the ability to login from one
  node to another
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Provides ability
  to transfer files from one node to another
• Gopher Provides the ability to navigate
  through menus

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WWW Terminology

• World Wide Web (WWW) subset of the nodes of
  the Internet, which recognize documents written
  in HTML
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) - the text
  based language used to construct WWW pages
• Website Any document you access on the Web
• Multimedia - Presentation of video, sound,
  graphics, text animation by software, which
  websites may contain
• Hypertext - Text which contains links that can
  be clicked on and then connects you to a document
  or a different section of the current document
• Browser - An application program which
  interprets HTML presents the final Web Page
  (i.e. Netscape, Mosaic, Explorer)
• HyperText Transmission Protocol (HTTP) - is a
  protocol that computers on the Internet use to
  communicate with each other