MODULE 3

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MODULE 3 Program Planning Why Program Planning?

Planning allows us to create an objective
profile of our community. Identify how to target
resources and efforts, and to implement more
effective strategies.
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Seven Steps to Building A Successful Prevention
Program

• Increase the readiness of the community
• Assess the levels of risk factors and protective
  factors in the community
• Translate the data into priorities
• Examine the resources in the community that are
  reducing risk factors and increasing protective
  factors

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Seven Steps to Building A Successful Prevention
Program (contd)
5. Target efforts 6. Use best practices and
guiding principles 7. Evaluate
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Defining the Community

• How you define your community will tell you
  where to apply the 7 step planning process
• A community can be a county, city, town,
  neighborhood, reservation, catchment area, school
  district or individual school
• Include geographic, demographic, cultural,
  service and organizational profiles

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Mobilizing the Community

• Engage all sectors of the defined community in
  a community-wide prevention program plan
• Coalitions include youth, parents, cultural
  leaders, law enforcement, education, civic and
  faith groups, social services, government,
  medical professionals, etc.

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STEP 1 Assess Community Readiness

• Definition Community readiness is the extent
  to which a community is adequately prepared to
  implement a drug abuse prevention program
• Community readiness can be objectively assessed
  and systematically enhanced

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Community Readiness SurveyAn Example for
Assessing a Communitys Readiness
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Background

• Growing awareness among prevention
  practitioners that understanding a communitys
  level of readiness is key to implementing
  successful substance abuse prevention strategies
• Three components of needs assessment
• 1. Knowledge of actual substance use rates in
  the community
• 2. Prevention resource infrastructure in the
  community
• 3. Residents attitudes and community norms
• Minnesota Institute of Public Health, Mounds
  View, MN

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Background (contd)

• Purpose of the Community Readiness Survey is to
  assess attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of
  residents in a community regarding substance
  abuse prevention

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Methodology

• Development of the survey began in the late
  1990s, and validation occurred with 15,000
  randomly selected residents in 30 Minnesota
  communities.
• Following initial validation, the survey was
  shortened from 96 to 52 items.
• In 2001, prevention professionals from 10
  states examined data from 50 communities using a
  Q-sort process in order to establish empirical
  ranges for low, medium, and high levels of
  readiness.

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Domains Measured by the Community Readiness Survey

• 1. Perception of ATOD problems in the
  community
• 2. Permissiveness of attitudes toward ATOD use
• 3. Support for ATOD policy and prevention
• 4. Adolescent access to alcohol and tobacco
• 5. Perception of community commitment

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The goal start slowly, increase awareness.

• Perception needs to be addressed
• Change could occur from any direction
• Count even small successes

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College Town, USA
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The goal address the we dont care attitude.

• Often seen in college communities
• Focus on community and stakeholder empowerment
• Create a change is okay attitude
• Find out what they care about and figure out how
  to link substance abuse prevention with that

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The goal gather stakeholders and determine which
action steps will best meet the needs of the
community.

• Provide leadership for prevention activities

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The goal ensure stability and look for new areas
of activity to complement the work already done.

• Offer ongoing support
• Celebrate accomplishments attained

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Using Findings from the Community Readiness Survey

• Identify prevention strategies appropriate to
  residents attitudes
• Select strategies appropriate to residents
  attitudes
• Select strategies easily understood by
  residents
• Inform community leaders about respondents
  attitudes
• Inform general public about respondents
  attitudes.
• Inform community leaders about respondents
  attitudes.

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Community Readiness Model

• A Model for Assessing Stages of a Communitys
  Readiness

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Background

• The Community Readiness Model was developed to
  meet research needs and to provide a practical
  tool for community mobilization
• Uses the key informant interviews to measure
  six dimensions of the community
• Nine stages of community readiness range from
  no awareness of the problem to
  professionalization
• Strategies were developed for each stage of
  readiness
• Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research,
  Colorado State University

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Methodology

• Prochaska and DiClementes model of personal
  readiness for change reformulated to fit a
  community model
• Development began in the 1990s
• Validation of the model used experts and
  individuals experienced in working with
  communities to determine content of validity of
  statements measuring community readiness
• Stages defined by expert raters
• Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research,
  Colorado State University

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Dimensions Measured by the Community Readiness
Model

• Existing Prevention Efforts (Programs,
  Activities, Policies, Etc.)
• Community Knowledge of Prevention Efforts
• Leadership (including appointed leaders and
  influential community members)
• Knowledge About the Problem
• Resources for Prevention
• Community Climate

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Stage 1 No Awareness

• Community norms actively tolerate or encourage
  the behavior (The behavior may be expected of one
  group and not another.)
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Discussions with community leaders about norms
  and costs of substance use.

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Stage 2Denial

• Little or no recognition that this might be a
  local problem
• Feeling that nothing needs to be done about the
  problem
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Educational outreach to community about
  substance abuse
• Local incidents as catalyst

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Stage 3Vague Awareness

• General belief that there is a local problem
  and that something needs to be done about it
• Knowledge about local problems is stereotypical
  and vague
• No identifiable leadership exists, or
  leadership lacks energy or motivation
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Educational outreach and media campaigns about
  local substance use rates and consequences

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Stage 4Preplanning

• General information about local problems, but
  ideas about etiology or risk factors tend to be
  stereotyped
• Identifiable leaders, and there may be a
  committee, but no real planning
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Educational and media outreach to community
  leaders and groups about causes and prevention of
  substance abuse.

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Stage 5Preparation

• There is general information about local
  problems and prevention programs, but it may not
  be based on formally collected data
• Funding is being sought or committed
• Leadership is active and energetic
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Conduct school, community survey
• Conduct public forums to develop strategies

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Stage 6Initiation

• Information is available to justify a
  prevention program
• Staff trained, leadership still has great
  enthusiasm - limitations and problems have not
  yet been experienced
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Inservice education for program staff
• Publicity efforts on start-up of new activities

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Stage 7 Stabilization

• Activities and programs running, viewed as
  stable
• No in-depth evaluation of effectiveness
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Training for community members and
  professionals
• Recognition events, quarterly meetings
• Introduce program evaluation

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Stage 8Confirmation/Expansion

• Programs are viewed as valuable
• Original efforts evaluated, modified
• Authorities support expanding and improving
  programs
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Formalize networking, develop speakers bureau
• Begin to initiate policy change

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Stage 9Professionalism

• Detailed and sophisticated knowledge of
  prevalence and risk factors exists
• Highly trained staff, supportive leaders, high
  community involvement
• Evaluation is used to test/modify programs
• Strategies for this stage of readiness
• Continue 7-step process, evaluation, inservice
  training and publicity
• Diversify funding sources

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Activity

• Divide into three groups
• Read the assigned case study on p. 3.39
• Determine the level of readiness for each
  community
• Brainstorm strategies to improve the level of
  readiness
• Debrief together after the activity

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STEP 2 Conduct a Community Assessment

• A community assessment is a systematic process
  for examining the current conditions of a
  situation (such as substance abuse) and to
  identify the level of risk and protection in your
  community
• Why do it?
• How do you do it?

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STEP 3 Translate Data Into Priorities

• Once you have completed the collection and
  analysis of the data, it is time to prioritize
  which risk and protective factors need to be
  addressed in your community.

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STEP 4 Conducting a Resource Assessment

• A resource assessment is a systematic process
  for examining the current resources in your
  community which are reducing risk factors and
  increasing protective factors.
• It answers the question Whats going on in
  my community?

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STEP 5 Select Your Target Population

• Determine what type of population your
  program/strategies should reachuniversal,
  selective, or indicated.

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Institute of Medicine Continuum of Care
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Institute of Medicine (IOM) Prevention
Classification
UNIVERSAL Programs reach the general
population(e.g., all students in a
school) SELECTIVE Programs target groups at
risk (e.g., children of alcoholics or poor
school achievers)
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Institute of Medicine (IOM) Prevention
Classification (contd)
INDICATED Programs are designed for individuals
who exhibit risk-related behaviors(e.g.,
students already experimenting with drugs)
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U, S, or I?
Directions Turn to the U, S, or I work sheet
and classify the prevention strategies You can
also use the work sheet School, Family, and
Community-based Prevention Strategies on page
3.46 Be prepared to share your responses.
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STEP 6 Use Best Practices and Guiding
Principles or choose a Model Program

• Once you have completed Steps 1-5, it is time
  to determine what programs/ strategies need to be
  in place in your community.
• It is important to build upon the knowledge and
  research that exists, so that we dont reinvent
  the wheel.

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Best Practices

• Strategies, activities, or approaches which have
  been shown through research and evaluation to be
  effective in the prevention and/or delay of
  substance use/abuse.

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Model Programs

• Prevention programs that have been rigorously
  evaluated and have repeatedly demonstrated
  positive outcomes.
• CSAP website lists Best Practices as identified
  by CSAP, NIDA, CDC, NCAP, and OJJDP

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Model Programs (contd)

• Reviewed and rated by a team of trained
  evaluators relative to 15 criteria according to
  rigorous standards of research
• Are well implemented and well evaluated,
  producing a consistently positive pattern of
  results to the majority of intended recipients

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Model Programs (contd)

• Have been reviewed and accepted by the National
  Registry of Effective Programs (NREP)
• For more information or to submit a program for
  review,
• www.preventionregistry.org

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Fidelity and Adaptation Guidelines

• Identify and understand the theory base behind
  the program.
• Obtain or conduct a core components analysis.
• Assess fidelity/adaptation concerns for the
  implementation site.

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Fidelity and Adaptation Guidelines (contd)

• Consult with the program developer
• Consult with the focus population
• Develop an overall implementation plan

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STEP 7 Evaluate

• Evaluation is Systematic efforts to collect,
  analyze, and use program information for multiple
  purposes.
• Logic Model Use the website to refresh your
  memory on how to use, etc.

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Program Planning Exercise

• Turn to work sheet, Assignments
• Answer the questions assigned to your group
• Prepare a brief presentation based on your
  answers. Involve everyone in your group in some
  meaningful way

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Step 1 Assessing Community Readiness - A Sample
Community

• Community Key Leader Survey
• - Stage 4 or 5
• Human Services Forum and Town Meetings
• - Nature and extent of substance abuse
• - Risk and Protective Factor Theory, 7-step
  process
• - Neighbor community presentation

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Step 2 Community Assessment - A Sample Community

• Archival data on risk factor indicators
• Recent student survey data
• Focus on group data

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Step 3 Prioritize Data -A Sample Community

• Priority Risk Factors
• Family management problems
• Alienation and rebelliousness
• Friends who engage in the problem behavior

• Priority Protective Factors
• Strong family bonding
• Strong religiosity
• Weak bonding to community

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Step 4 Resource Assessment -A Sample Community

• Priority Risk Factor Family Management Problems
• Prenatal and family therapy resources
• Headstart, public/private preschools
• Parent training
• -Universal and selective, ages 0-3 and 10-14
• Resource gap Universal parent training, parents
  of children ages 4-10

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Step 5 Focus Efforts -A Sample Community

• Focus efforts on implementing new universal
  type education and training programs for parents
  of elementary school aged children

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Step 6 Select Model Programs and Best Practices
- A Sample Community

• CSAP website search Best Practices, Model
  Programs and Promising Programs
• -Seattle Social Development Program
• How to help Your Child Succeed in School
• Catch Them Being Good
• -Strengthening Families Program

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Step 7 Evaluation - A Sample Community

• Design Logic Models for
• -How to Help Your Child Succeed in School
• -Catch Them Being Good
• -Strengthening Families Program

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Prevention Program Planning

• Which steps do you think are the ones most
  often neglected?
• Why do you think they are neglected?
• What are some ways we can make it easier for
  coordinators to take those steps?
• What are some things you can do to assure that
  the process is followed in your own situations?

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Program Planning

• Why Program Planning?
• Planning allows us to create an objective profile
  of our community, identify how to target
  resources and efforts, and implement more
  effective strategies

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Questions and Discussion