Title: COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN Fall 2002 University of Minnesota, Crookston
1COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- The University of Minnesota has established
website accessibility standards that we need to
observe as staff/faculty/students. - These standards will serve us well in any
technical communication job.
2COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- It is the responsibility of the Web page author
to present information in a manner that ensures
access by a diverse audience. - See http//cap.umn.edu/ait/Web/index.html for a
full discussion of the standards outlined here.
3COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Introductory Screens
- Put some some text on the initial screen view of
a Web page that describes the affiliation and
purpose of the page.
4COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Design Consistency
- Use a consistent look and navigational scheme for
all pages of a site. - Provide a method that permits users to skip
repetitive navigation controls and jump to the
main content of a page.
5COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Document Length
- Present large documents in smaller sub-units
where natural and appropriate. - Offer complete full-length versions for download.
6COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Frames
- Avoid the use of frames.
- Title frames with text that facilitates frame
identification and navigation. - Use the HTML element to point to an
alternate page that does not use frames.
7COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Browser-Specific HTML Tags
- Do not use HTML constructs (tags) that are
specific to (and only supported by) one browser.
8COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Cascading Style Sheets
- Organize documents so they are readable without
requiring an associated style sheet.
9COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Scripts
- Ensure that pages are usable when scripts,
applets, or other programmatic objects are not
supported or have been disabled. - Provide equivalent information and/or
functionality on an alternative accessible page
when direct access cannot be achieved.
10COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Roll-Over Controls
- Do not use roll-over controls that load a new
page or otherwise move the user from the current
location. - Do not use the "onChange" event-handler in a
drop-down list. - Include text descriptions and redundant links for
pop-up information and menus.
11COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Screen Refresh
- Avoid the automatic refreshing of a page.
- Provide a method for disabling the automatic
refreshing of a page.
12COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Timed Responses
- Alert users when a timed response is required and
provide one or more of the following options - A method for indicating that more time is needed.
- A method for the user to adjust the time
interval. - A non-time-dependent alternative.
13COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Font (face, size, color)
- Do not use font face, size, or color alone to
convey information. - Specify font sizes in relative rather than
absolute units.
14COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Backgrounds and Wallpapers
- Do not use complex backgrounds or wallpaper that
may interfere with the readability of overlying
text. - Do not use backgrounds or wallpaper to convey
information.
15COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Blinking Elements and Marquees
- Avoid blinking page elements and scrolling
marquees. - Blinking page elements and the refreshing of the
screen to animate marquees shall do so at a
frequency of less than twice a second (2 Hz) or
greater than 55 times a second (55 Hz).
16COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Acronyms and Abbreviations
- Precede the first occurrence of an acronym on a
page with the full title to which the acronym
refers. - Avoid the use of acronyms and abbreviations in
link text. - Do not use acronyms and abbreviations in the
alternative text for images or other non-text
elements.
17COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Bullets
- Provide appropriate alternative text for
graphical bullets. - Use simple alternative text for graphical
bulletsan asterisk (), a single letter (A) or
single number(1). - Unless required to convey information visually
depicted by a bullet, avoid alternative text that
describes the bullet (e.g., "This is a small
black ball").
18COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD List Tags
- When bullets created using the
list tag are
important for comprehension of the document or
numbered bullets created using the list tag
are to be referenced elsewhere in the document,
include additional markup that promotes
accessibility.
19COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Punctuation
- Titles, headings, list items, sentences, and ALT
tags should end with suitable punctuation. - Include closing punctuation on list items, even
if the items are not grammatical sentences.
20COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Multiple-Column Layout
- Avoid the use of multiple-column layouts for
non-tabular information. - Do not use the tag (preformatted) to layout
tabular information. - Include row and column headers for data tables.
- Ensure that information in a multi-column format,
whether static or dynamically generated, is
accessible, or provide an alternative means of
acquiring the information.
21COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD ALT Tags
- Include alternative text for all graphics.
22COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Non-Link Graphics
- Make alternative text for images that convey
information or otherwise contribute to the
understanding of the page clear, concise, and
informative. - Where appropriate, use the alternative text for
transparent graphics and other structural images
to provide a description of subsequent
information and controls on the page.
23COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Tables and Charts
- Provide accessible text descriptions for
graphical tables and charts.
24COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Animations
- Include alternative text for all animations.
- Make alternative text for animations clear,
concise, and informative. - If an animation uses audio to convey information,
provide a text equivalent of the audio portion.
25COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Text Links
- Avoid the use of single-word linksmake links
shall be clear, descriptive, and able to stand
alone. - Give preference to vertical lists of well-spaced
text links. - Make links listed horizontally or in a multiple
column layout visually distinct and separated by
appropriate punctuation or graphics. - Avoid enclosing text links in brackets, braces,
parentheses, or other punctuation.
26COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Mailto Links
- Include the E-mail address in the text of a
mailto link.
27COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Graphical Links
- Include clear, concise and informative
alternative text for all non-text controls. - Use 36-pt by 36-pt or larger buttons and icons.
28COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Image Maps
- Include clear, concise and informative
alternative text for each region of a client-side
image map. - Avoid the use of server-side image maps.
- Include alternative links for each active region
of a server-side image map.
29COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Forms
- Do not use font styles, sizes, colors or other
non-textual elements as the only means of
indicating required fields. - Indicate alternatives to completing online forms.
30COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Multimedia
- Accompany multimedia presentations with text
and/or audio descriptions of visual content. - Accompany audio presentations with text
captioning. - Synchronize the equivalent accessible
alternatives for a multimedia presentation (e.g.,
text captioning and/or audio description) with
the presentation. - Provide a link to the plug-in or applet required
for a multimedia presentation.
31COMPOSITION 2334 UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGNFall 2002 University of Minnesota,
Crookston
- STANDARD Downloads
- Include the following options for information
presented in a proprietary file format - The information in an alternative accessible
format. - A link to the appropriate plug-in.
- A link to an accessibility plug-in or conversion
site, if available. - An alternative means of obtaining the
information. - When feasible, make information to be downloaded
available in a variety of file types.
32Links
- http//www.e-accessibility.com
- http//www.visugate.org
- http//www.tate.org.uk/imap
- http//www.imsproject.org/accessibility/accessible
vers - http//www.ifeelpixel.com/download