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International

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Briefing to Parliamentary Select Committee. Land & Environmental Affairs ... Adoption by the CPM / reverted to SC. 30. DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURE ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: International


1
  • International
  • Plant Protection Convention
  • New Revised Text
  • Briefing to Parliamentary Select Committee
  • Land Environmental Affairs
  • (National Council of Provinces)
  • by
  • Dept of Agriculture Directorate Plant Health
  • Dr Marinda Visser
  • Cape Town, 26 October 2005

2
SA is a signatory member of
  • The World Trade Organisation Agreement on the
    Application of Sanitary Phytosanitary Measures
    (WTO-SPS Agreement),
  • and
  • 2. The International Plant Protection Convention
    (IPPC)

3
The WTO-SPS Agreement
  • Came into being in 1995
  • Sets out the basic rules for global agricultural
    trade
  • Recognises 3 standard-setting bodies (for plant
    health, animal health, and food safety)

4
WTO-SPS Standard-setting bodies
  • IPPC International Plant Protection
    Convention
  • OIE International Office of Epizootics
  • Codex Codex Alimentarius Commission

5
WTO Rights
  • Members
  • May protect the humans, plants
  • animals within their territories
  • from harmful foreign pests
  • (e.g. set phytosanitary regulations)

6
WTO Obligations
  • Members
  • Must base all regulatory measures
  • on scientific data (i.e. these must be
  • technically justified appropriate)

7
The IPPC
  • Is a multilateral treaty for international
    cooperation in plant protection
  • Its purpose is to secure common and effective
    action to prevent the spread and introduction of
    pests of plants and plant products, and to
    promote appropriate measures for their control.
    (Article I)

8
Scope of the IPPC
  • Covers international cooperation in
    protecting plants and plant products from
    harmful pests
  • Plants include agricultural crops, forests,
    wild flora
  • Pests include insects, pathogens, weeds
  • Harm includes indirect effects such as from
    weeds

9
Scope of the IPPC (continued)
  • Extends to items capable of harbouring or
    spreading pests, such as
  • Storage places
  • Conveyances / vehicles, and
  • Containers
  • Provides for cross-border movement of organisms
    for research or other purposes
  • Includes imported biological control organisms

10
History of the IPPC
  • Came into force in 1952
  • SA ratified adherence in 1956, and
  • Accepted the 1979 revised text in 1981
  • Was revised again in 1997
  • The aim was to bring it into line with the
    principles and expectations of the WTO-SPS
    Agreement of 1995
  • This text was approved in various FAO forums, in
    which SA participated

11
Acceptance of Revised Text by Contracting
Parties
  • Acceptance is for current Contracting Parties,
    such as South Africa
  • A Government deposits an instrument of acceptance
    with the Director General of FAO
  • The depositing Government then accepts the 1997
    revisions of the IPPC.

12
Key Principles of the IPPC
  • Gives Contracting Parties the right to regulate
    imports in respect of plant health
  • Regulatory measures should be applied only when
    necessary
  • Measures should be
  • consistent with the risk, and least restrictive
  • technically justified / based on scientific
    facts
  • non-discriminatory
  • transparent (published).

13
Key Obligations in terms of IPPC
  • Contracting Parties must set up administer a
  • National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO)
  • Official IPPC contact point
  • Cooperate internationally share information on
    pests plant health regulations
  • Develop take into account phytosanitary
    standards
  • Conduct plant health treatments, certify
    exports
  • Regulate imports.

14
Organizations Established under IPPC
  • The Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM),
    (Article XI, IPPC)
  • The IPPC Secretariat (Article XII, IPPC)
  • Regional Plant Protection Organizations (RPPOs
    Article IX, IPPC).

15
Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM)
  • Governing Body for implementation of IPPC
  • Decisions made by consensus
  • Comprises Contracting Parties (and FAO members
    until 1997 text is ratified)
  • Observers Regional Plant Protection
    Organisations, International Organizations
    (e.g. WTO SPS Committee).

16
CPM (continued)
  • Reviews global plant protection needs, and sets
    an annual work programme
  • Develops and adopts international standards for
    phytosanitary measures (ISPMs)
  • Promotes technical assistance
  • Meets annually (next meeting is ICPM 8 / CPM 1
    April 03 - 07 2006, Rome, Italy.

17
The IPPC Secretariat
  • Is located within the Plant Protection Service of
    the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in
    Rome, Italy
  • Currently comprises a Secretary, a Coordinator, 6
    professionals and 2 administrators
  • Supplemented by a visiting scientist and 2
    consultants.

18
The IPPC Secretariats Activities
  • Implements the work programme
  • Supports the production of standards
  • Coordinates with RPPOs
  • Represents the CPM (e.g. at the WTO-SPS, CBD)
  • Facilitates information exchange
  • Provides input into technical assistance
    programmes
  • Facilitates dispute settlement.

19
Regional Plant Protection Organizations (RPPOs)
  • Currently CPM recognises 9 RPPOs
  • Governments that are not Contracting Parties to
    IPPC may belong to an RPPO
  • RPPOs are observers at the CPM
  • Annual Technical Consultations take place among
    RPPOs (17th 29/08 2/09/05)

20
RPPOs (continued)
  • The InterAfrican Phytosanitary Council (IAPSC) of
    the African Union (AU) is the RPPO for Africa
  • RPPOs identify regional needs for plant health
    standards
  • Regional Standards that are developed and
    implemented regionally often become the basis for
    an ISPM.

21
Key IAPSC responsibilities as RPPO
  • To cooperate with the IPPC Secretariat to help
    achieve the aims of the IPPC
  • 2. To coordinate and disseminate information on
    plant protection procedures in Africa.

22
CPM Administrative Organizations
  • Bureau of the CPM
  • Standards Committee (SC)
  • Body on Dispute Settlement
  • Informal Working Groups
  • Expert Working Groups/Technical Panels

23
Bureau of the CPM
  • Chair Dr Chagema John Kedera (Kenya)
  • Two Vice Chairs
  • Ms Reinouw Bast-Tjeerde (Canada)
  • Ralf Lopian (Finland)

24
The Standards Committee (SC)
  • Group of 25 international technical experts, from
    7 FAO regions
  • Meets twice per year (May November)
  • Reviews and recommends changes to draft
    standards
  • Approves specifications, checks consistency and
    recommends standards for adoption by the ICPM /
    CPM.

25
Body on Dispute Settlement
  • International experts from 7 FAO regions
  • Develop dispute settlement procedures
  • Maintain a roster of phytosanitary experts
  • Promote dispute avoidance
  • Prepare information for the effective preparation
    of dispute settlement procedures.

26
Informal Working Groups
  • Focus Group Open-ended working group which
    focuses on a particular issue of concern for CPM
  • Strategic Planning and Technical Assistance Group
    (SPTA)
  • Support Group for the IPPC website /
    International Phytosanitary Portal (IPP)

27
Expert Working Groups
  • Experts are selected by the Standards Committee
    (SC) and approved by the CPM Bureau
  • A Steward (usually from the SC) guides the
    process
  • ISPMs are reviewed or prepared for submission to
    SC.

28
Technical Panels (TPs)
  • CPM6 (2004) decided to establish TPs
  • TPs provide the Standards Committee (SC) with
    specific draft standards and advise the SC on
    specific technical matters
  • Experts are selected by the SC and approved by
    the CPM Bureau
  • A Steward (in some cases from the SC) guides the
    process.

29
International Standard Setting Programme
  • Priority of a Standard decided by CPM
    (consensus)
  • Working Group of Experts drafts the Standard
  • Standards Committee (SC) reviews document
  • Country Consultation ( RPPO discussions)
  • Standards Committee incorporates comments
  • Adoption by the CPM / reverted to SC.

30
Implications of the SPS Agreement
  • Members shall base their phytosanitary measures
    on international standards or justify deviations
    through risk analysis
  • Members shall play a full part in the relevant
    standard setting organization
  • Relevant standard setting organizations are
    Codex, OIE, and IPPC.
  • (Article 3 of the SPS
    Harmonization)

31
SPS Measures
  • Should therefore be
  • Consistent with international standards
  • Technically justified (based on scientific
    principles and evidence)
  • Harmonized to the extent possible
  • Transparent (notified)
  • Meet the appropriate level of protection.

32
SPS Measures i.t.o IPPC WTO
  • The IPPC makes provision for trade in a plant
    protection agreement.
  • The WTO-SPS makes complementary provision for
    phytosanitary protection in a trade agreement.

33
International Regulatory Framework
CBD
IPPC
Protecting Biological Diversity
Plant Protection
CP
LMOs
Trade
34
International Regulatory Framework
Plant Protection
IPPC
LMOs
CBD
Protecting Biological Diversity
Trade
35
Information exchange
  • Contracting parties to the IPPC provide
  • An Official contact point and NPPO
  • Official information on pests and phytosanitary
    measures
  • IPPC Secretariat
  • Provides official documents (ISPMs and reports)
  • Facilitates information exchange
  • Maintains the IPPC web site.

36
Technical Support
  • Technical consultation programme
  • Regional workshops on draft standards
  • IPPC staff provide phytosanitary support to
  • FAO Technical Cooperation programmes (TCPs)
  • Ad hoc workshops (e.g. WTO, WB, WHO)
  • Programmes of other organizations.

37
Review (1-7)
1. The Convention / international treaty
IPPC 2. Organizational Framework CPM,
Secretariat to the IPPC, RPPOs 3. Recognised by
WTO-SPS Agreement 4. Sets standards (ISPMs) a
Work Programme 5. Facilitates
Information Exchange
38
Review (continued)
  • Provides Technical Support
  • Members must
  • Actively participate in the CPM and its working
    groups
  • Harmonise regulatory measures with ISPMs
  • Base import regulations on Pest Risk Analysis
    (PRA) technical justification.

39
Conclusions (1-7)
  • Membership of the IPPC and participation in its
    activities
  • Supports SAs agricultural industries (plants
    and plant products) in terms of maintaining
  • The principles of free, fair and safe trade in
    accordance with our WTO engagements and
    obligations, and
  • Access to international markets

40
Conclusions (continued)
  • Enables SA to influence important decisions on
    norms and standards, and to be a standard maker
    not a standard taker
  • Strengthens our
  • Relationships with trading partners
  • Regulatory credibility, and
  • Leadership role within Africa (e.g. SACU, SADC,
    AU)

41
Conclusions (continued)
  • IPPC membership is therefore important for the
    maintenance of a globally competitive position in
    international agricultural trade

42
Conclusions (continued)
  • Further, IPPC membership provides access to
    technical assistance and capacity building
  • Provides assistance with dispute resolution
    procedures (bilateral technical dialogue)
  • National technical experts can be included in the
    roster of experts used for consultation in
    disputes, and included in various technical
    working groups.

43
Recommendations
  • SA should
  • Accept the New Revised Text of the IPPC (1997)
    rather than forgo its right to participate in
    international plant health standard-setting
    procedures
  • Continue active participation in the IPPC
    structures, and making inputs to its strategic
    planning and technical assistance planning
    forums.

44
  • Thank you
  • (Acknowledgements IPPC Secretariat -
    http//www.ippc.int/IPP)
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