Title: Principles of Information Systems Eighth Edition
1Principles of Information SystemsEighth Edition
- Systems Development
- Life Cycle and
- IS Stakeholders
2Principles and Learning Objectives
- Effective systems development requires a team
effort from users, managers, systems development
specialists, and various support personnel, and
it starts with careful planning - Identify who are the stakeholders in the IS
development process and discuss their roles
3Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
- Systems development often uses tools to select,
implement, and monitor projects, including net
present value (NPV), prototyping, rapid
application development, CASE tools, and
object-oriented development - Discuss the key features, advantages, and
disadvantages of the traditional, prototyping,
rapid application development, and end-user
systems development life cycles
4Why Learn About Systems Development?
- Important to learn how to
- Initiate systems development process
- Analyze your needs with help of IS personnel
- Learn how a project can be
- Planned
- Aligned with corporate goals
- Rapidly developed
5Why Learn About IS Stakeholders?
- The IS stakeholders - Individual/group of
individual who are involved directly or
indirectly in development and use of the IS. - Indentifying the stakeholders support IS
planning to successfully develop and implement a
particular IS or to improve the IS acceptance. - Each stakeholders use IS for different purpose,
the IS should be developed based on their
requirements useful and fully utilize
6An Overview of Systems Development
- Today, IS stakeholders are involved in IS
development - Avoid costly failures of system development
projects by understanding the process based on
the IS stakeholders perspective - What is system development? - activity of
creating new or modifying existing IS
7Participants in IS Development
- The IS stakeholders
- Users who will interact with the system
regularly employees, suppliers, managers - Management responsible in approving the IS
development - IS professional
- Systems analysts professional who specializes
in analyzing and designing business system,
important role sees the system in total - Programmers specialist who responsible for
modifying or developing programs - Support personnel technical specialist e.g. db
and telecommunication experts, hardware engineers.
8Participants in Systems Development (continued)
Figure 12.1 Role of the Systems Analyst
9Initiating Systems Development
- Systems development initiatives
- Arise from all levels of an organization both
planned and unplanned - Number of reasons for initiating systems
development projects - Infrastructure protection, mergers, acquisitions,
federal regulations, etc.
10Initiating Systems Development
Figure 12.2 Typical Reasons to Initiate a
Systems Development Project
11Systems Development Life Cycles
- Activities associated with systems development
life cycle (SDLC) are ongoing - IS is built gt installed -gt accepted -gt
maintained -gt reviewed -gt improvement -gt IS
re-build -gt - The later in the SDLC an error is detected, the
more expensive it is to correct - Previous phases must be reworked
- More people are affected
12Systems Development Life Cycles (continued)
- Common types of systems development life cycles
- Traditional
- Prototyping
- Rapid application development (RAD)
- End-user development
13The Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle
Figure 12.6 The Traditional Systems Development
Life Cycle
14The Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle
(continued)
- Systems investigation identifies problems and
opportunities and considers them in light of
business goals - Systems analysis studies existing systems and
work processes to identify strengths, weaknesses,
and opportunities for improvement - Systems design defines how the information
system will do what it must do to obtain the
problems solution
15The Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle
(continued)
- Systems implementation creates or acquires
various system components detailed in systems
design, assembles them, and places new or
modified system into operation - Systems maintenance and review ensures the
system operates as intended and modifies the
system so that it continues to meet changing
business needs
16Types of SDLC
- Prototyping an iterative/repeating approach to
system development - Users encourage to try the prototype and provide
feedback - Rapid application development (RAD) employs
tools, techniques, and methodologies designed to
speed application development. - Vendors IBM (Rational Rapid Developer, Joint
Application Development-JAD) - JAD a process of data collection and
requirement analysis in which all the IS
stakeholder work together to analyze existing
system, propose possible solution, define
requirement of new or modified system
17Prototyping (continued)
Figure 12.7 Prototyping
18Types of SDLC
- End-user development system development that
the primary effort is undertaken by a combination
of business managers and users. - Many end users today are already demonstrating
their system development capability by designing
and implementing their own PC-based system
19Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing
- Reduces costs employees, equipment and systems
- Obtains state-of-the-art/updated/current
technology - Eliminates staffing and personnel problems
- Increases technological flexibility
20Outsourcing and On-Demand Computing (continued)
Table 12.4 When to Use Outsourcing for Systems
Development
21Factors Affecting Systems Development Success
- Successful systems development delivers a system
that meets user and organizational needson time
and within budget - Factors
- Involvement of stakeholders
- Top management support
- Degree of change minor enhancements or major
reengineering - Quality of project planning use of project
management tools Gantt chart - Use of project management and CASE tools
- Object-oriented systems development
22Example Stakeholders in Electronic Patient File
(Hospital IS)
23Summary
- The IS stakeholders - Individual/group of
individual who are involved directly or
indirectly in development and use of the IS. - System development - activity of creating new or
modifying existing IS. - Aligning organizational goals and IS goals is
critical for any successful systems development
effort - Common systems development life cycles
traditional, prototyping, rapid application
development (RAD), and end-user development
24Summary (continued)
- Phases of traditional systems development life
cycle systems investigation, systems analysis,
systems design, systems implementation, and
systems maintenance and review - Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools
automate many tasks required in a systems
development effort and enforce adherence to SDLC - Object-oriented systems development combines the
logic of systems development life cycle with the
power of object-oriented modeling and programming