High Performance Computing Cloud Computing

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High Performance ComputingCloud Computing

• Dr. Rami YARED

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Outline

• High Performance Computing
• Parallel Computing
• Cloud Computing
• Definitions
• Advantages and drawbacks
• Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing

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Outline

• High Performance Computing
• Parallel Computing
• Cloud Computing
• Definitions
• Advantages and drawbacks
• Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing

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Cloud Computing

• New paradigm
• Clouds will transform the information Technology
  (IT) industry profoundly change the way people
  work and companies operate
• Provides massively scalable computing resources
  from anywhere.
• Simplifies services delivery.
• Enables rapid innovation of new business models.
• Dynamic infrastructure for next generation data
  centers.

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The Cloud 10X Improvements

• Ease of Use
• Scalability
• Reliability
• Cost

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Ease of Use

• Deploy infrastructure with a mouse or API
• No cabling
• Middle of the night
• Do it yourself remotely from anywhere anytime

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Scalability
Control your infrastructure with your app Nothing
to purchase and take delivery on Instant
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Reliability
Based on enterprise grade hardware Design for
failures Automatically spin up replacements Use
multiple clouds
Cost
Turn off the lights turn off servers you
arent using Ex Turn off development and test
environments Pay for only what you use No need to
buy in advance Zero Capital Outlay No contracts
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Cloud computing

• Understanding how others view Cloud Computing
• Multiple Definitions

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Cloud Computing Definition by Forrester research
A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and
managed compute infrastructure capable of hosting
end-customer applications and billed by
consumption
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Cloud Computing Definition by Forrester research

• Different than SaaS (Software as a Service)
• Prescript Abstract Infrastructure
• Fully Virtualized
• Dynamic Infrastructure Software
• Pay by Consumption
• Free of Long-Term Contracts
• Application and OS Independent
• Free of Software or Hardware Installation
• Cloud computing has all the earmarks of being a
  potential innovation that all infrastructure and
  operations professionals should pay close
  attention.

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Other Definitions

• Cloud computing is an emerging approach to
  shared infrastructure in which large pools of
  systems are linked together to provide IT
  services. IBM press release on Blue Cloud
• a hosted infrastructure model that delivers
  abstracted IT resources over the Internet
  Thomas Weisel Partners LLC from Into the Clouds
  Leveraging Data Centers and the Road to Cloud
  Computing
• Cloud computing describes a systems
  architecture. This particular architecture
  assumes nothing about the physical location,
  internal composition or ownership of its
  component parts. James Urquhart blog post

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Cloud Computing definition

• SaaS
• Software as a Service
• Storage as a Service
• PaaS Platform as a Service
• IaaS Infrastructure as a Service

Hosting Industry Change

• Cloud Computing -Enabling Technology to move
  from Traditional Hosting to Cloud Hosting

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The Clouds Snowball Effect

• Maturation of Virtualization Technology
• Virtualization enables Compute Clouds
• Compute Clouds create demand for Storage Clouds
• Storage Compute Clouds create Cloud
  Infrastructure
• Cloud Infrastructure enables Cloud Platforms
  Applications

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Cloud Computing

• Build upon a foundation
• Building blocks Infrastructure, Platforms,
  Applications

Cloud Computing is
virtualized compute power and storage delivered
via platform infrastructures of abstracted
hardware and software accessed over the
Internet. These shared, on-demand IT
resources, are created and disposed of
efficiently, are dynamically scalable through a
variety of programmatic interfaces and are billed
variably based on measurable usage.
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Cloud computing

• Develop in the cloud
• Integrated, dynamically provisioned environment
• Repository for source and reusable assets

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Cloud computing

• Deploy in the cloud
• One click application provisioning
• Deployment optimization
• Collaboration platform for knowledge sharing

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Cloud computing

• Deliver services from the cloud
• Seamless transition to production environment
• Easily accessed from anywhere

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Cloud computing

• Overflow to another cloud
• Hybrid cloud for dynamic Infrastructure
• Leverage extra capacity from public clouds
• Single systems management view across clouds

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Cloud Applications

• SaaS resides here
• Most common Cloud / Many providers of different
  services
• Examples SalesForce, Gmail, Yahoo! Mail
• Advantages Free, Easy, Consumer Adoption
• Disadvantages Limited functionality, no control
  or access to underlying technology

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Cloud Platforms

• Containers
• Closed environments
• Examples Google App Engine, Joyent or Force.com
  (SalesForce Dev Platform)
• Advantages Good for developers, more control
  than Application Clouds, tightly configured
• Disadvantages Restricted to what is available

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Traditional Hosting vs Cloud Hosting

• Static ? Dynamic Quick Easy Scalability
• Cost Prohibitive ? Cost Effective Cost
  Efficiencies based on usage, no contracts, no
  upfront costs
• Predictable ? Unpredictable Innovations
• Stagnant ? Growth Evolution
• Traditional Hosting ? Cloud Hosting FUTURE!

Reference Paul Lancaster, Business Development
Manager, GoGrid http//www.GoGrid.com
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Cloud Infrastructure

• Provide Compute and Storage clouds
• Virtualization layers (hardware/software)
• Examples Amazon EC2, Amazon S3
• Advantages Full control of environments and
  infrastructure
• Disadvantages premium price point, limited
  competition

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Cloud Computing vs Grid computing

• Cloud computing is a style of computing in which
  dynamically scalable and often virtualized
  resources are provided as a service over the
  Internet. Users need not have knowledge of,
  expertise in, or control over the technology
  infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them.

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Comparisons

• Cloud computing can be confused with
• 1) grid computing "a form of distributed
  computing whereby a super and virtual computer is
  composed of a cluster of networked,
  loosely-coupled computers, acting in concert to
  perform very large tasks".
• 2) utility computing the "packaging of
  computing resources, such as computation and
  storage, as a metered service similar to a
  traditional public utility such as electricity
• 3) autonomic computing "computer systems
  capable of self-management".

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Cloud computing characteristics

• Cloud computing customers do not generally own
  the physical infrastructure serving as host to
  the software platform in question. Instead, they
  avoid capital expenses by renting usage from a
  third-party provider.
• They consume resources as a service and pay only
  for resources that they use. Many cloud-computing
  offerings employ the utility computing model,
  which is analogous to how traditional utility
  services (such as electricity) are consumed,
  while others bill on a subscription basis.
• Computing power among multiple tenants can
  improve utilization rates, as servers are not
  unnecessarily left idle (which can reduce costs
  significantly while increasing the speed of
  application development).

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History of Cloud Computing

• The Cloud is a term that borrowed from
  telephony. Up to the 1990s, data circuits
  (including those that carried Internet traffic)
  were hard-wired between destinations.
  Subsequently, long-haul telephone companies began
  offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) service
  for data communications.
• Telephone companies were able to offer VPN based
  services with the same guaranteed bandwidth as
  fixed circuits at a lower cost because they could
  switch traffic to balance utilization as they saw
  fit, thus utilizing their overall network
  bandwidth more effectively.

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History of Cloud Computing

• As a result of this arrangement, it was
  impossible to determine in advance precisely
  paths traffic would be routed over. The term
  "telecom cloud" was used to describe this type of
  networking, and cloud computing is conceptually
  somewhat similar.

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Disadvantage of cloud Computing

• Since cloud computing does not allow users to
  physically possess the storage of their data (the
  exception being the possibility that data can be
  backed up to a user-owned storage device, such as
  a USB flash drive or hard disk) it does leave
  responsibility of data storage and control in the
  hands of the provider.
• Cloud computing has been criticized for limiting
  the freedom of users and making them dependent on
  the cloud computing provider, and some critics
  have alleged that is only possible to use
  applications or services that the provider is
  willing to offer. Thus, The London Times compares
  cloud computing to centralized systems of the
  1950s and 60s, by which users connected through
  "dumb" terminals to mainframe computers.
  Typically, users had no freedom to install new
  applications and needed approval from
  administrators to achieve certain tasks. Overall,
  it limited both freedom and creativity. The Times
  argues that cloud computing is a regression to
  that time.

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Disadvantage of cloud Computing

• Similarly, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free
  Software Foundation, believes that cloud
  computing endangers liberties because users
  sacrifice their privacy and personal data to a
  third party. He stated that cloud computing is
  "simply a trap aimed at forcing more people to
  buy into locked, proprietary systems that would
  cost them more and more over time."

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Outline

• High Performance Computing
• Parallel Computing
• Cloud Computing
• Definitions
• Advantages and drawbacks
• Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing

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Cloud Computing

• With cloud computing, companies can scale up to
  massive capacities in an instant without having
  to invest in new infrastructure, train new
  personnel, or license new software.
• Cloud computing is of particular benefit to small
  and medium-sized businesses who wish to
  completely outsource their data-center
  infrastructure, or large companies who wish to
  get peak load capacity without incurring the
  higher cost of building larger data centers
  internally. In both instances, service consumers
  use what they need on the Internet and pay only
  for what they use.

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Cloud Computing

• The service consumer no longer has to be at a PC,
  use an application from the PC, or purchase a
  specific version that's configured for smart
  phones, PDAs, and other devices. The consumer
  does not own the infrastructure, software, or
  platform in the cloud.
• He has lower upfront costs, capital expenses, and
  operating expenses. He does not mind about how
  servers and networks are maintained in the cloud.
  
• The consumer can access multiple servers anywhere
  on the globe without knowing which ones and where
  they are located.

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Grid computing
Cloud computing evolves from grid computing and
provides on-demand resource provisioning. Grid
computing may or may not be in the cloud
depending on what type of users are using it. If
the users are systems administrators and
integrators, they care how things are maintained
in the cloud. They upgrade, install, and
virtualize servers and applications. If the users
are consumers, they do not mind how things are
run in the system. Grid computing requires the
use of software that can divide and farm out
pieces of a program as one large system image to
several thousand computers. One concern about
grid is that if one piece of the software on a
node fails, other pieces of the software on other
nodes may fail. This is alleviated if that
component has a failover component on another
node, but problems can still arise if components
rely on other pieces of software to accomplish
one or more grid computing tasks. Large system
images and associated hardware to operate and
maintain them can contribute to large capital and
operating expenses.
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Grid vs Cloud Similarities and differences

• Cloud computing and grid computing are scalable.
  Scalability is accomplished through load
  balancing of application instances running
  separately on a variety of operating systems and
  connected through Web services.
• CPU and network bandwidth is allocated and
  de-allocated on demand. The system's storage
  capacity goes up and down depending on the number
  of users, instances, and the amount of data
  transferred at a given time.

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Grid vs Cloud Similarities and differences

• Both computing types involve multitasking,
  meaning that many customers can perform different
  tasks, accessing a single or multiple application
  instances. Sharing resources among a large pool
  of users assists in reducing infrastructure costs
  and peak load capacity.
• Cloud and grid computing provide service-level
  agreements (SLAs) for guaranteed uptime
  availability of, say, 99 percent.
• If the service slides below the level of the
  guaranteed uptime service, the consumer will get
  service credit for receiving data late.

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Grid vs Cloud Computing

• The Amazon S3 provides a Web services interface
  for the storage and retrieval of data in the
  cloud. Setting a maximum limits the number of
  objects one can store in S3. It can store an
  object as small as 1 byte and as large as 5 GB or
  even several terabytes. S3 uses the concept of
  buckets as containers for each storage location
  of your objects. The data is stored securely
  using the same data storage infrastructure that
  Amazon uses for its e-commerce Web sites.

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Grid vs Cloud Computing

• While the storage computing in the grid is well
  suited for data-intensive storage, it is not
  economically suited for storing objects as small
  as 1 byte. In a data grid, the amounts of
  distributed data must be large for maximum
  benefit.
• A computational grid focuses on computationally
  intensive operations. Amazon Web Services in
  cloud computing offers two types of instances
  standard and high-CPU.

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Summary

• High Performance Computing
• Parallel Computing
• Cloud Computing
• Definitions
• Advantages and drawbacks
• Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing

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Thank you