Enzyme - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title:

Enzyme

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???????????????????????? ?????????????? (Ribozyme or Catalytic RNA) ... ????????????? Hydrolysis. Esterases. Proteases. Phosphatases. Amylases. Peptidases. Ureases ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Enzyme


1
???????Enzyme
  • ??. ??????? ??????????????

2
???????
  • ??????? ??????????????????????????????
    (Biological catalyst)
  • ???????????????????????? ?????????????? (Ribozyme
    or Catalytic RNA)
  • gt ??????? ???????????????????????? ????
    ??????????? ???????????? ???

3
?????????? (Cofactor)
  • ??????????? ????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????
  • Holoenzyme ?????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????
  • Apoenzyme Prosthetic group

4
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5
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6
????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????

7
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8
Oxidoreductases
  • ????????????? Oxidation-reduction
  • Dehydrogenases
  • Oxidases
  • Reductases
  • Peroxidases
  • ????????????????????? NADH, NADPH, FADH2

9
Transferases
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????
  • Kinases - ????????? Phosphate
  • Aminotransferases - ????????? Amino
  • Transcarboxylases - ????????? Carboxyl

10
Hydrolases
  • ????????????? Hydrolysis
  • Esterases
  • Proteases
  • Phosphatases
  • Amylases
  • Peptidases
  • Ureases

11
Lyases
  • ??????????????????????????? C-C, C-S, C-N
  • Decarboxylases
  • Aldolases
  • Dehydratases
  • Lyases

12
Isomerases
  • ????????????????????????????????????????
  • Epimerases
  • Isomerases
  • Racemases
  • Mutases

13
Ligases
  • ????????????????????????????? ???????? C-C, C-O,
    C-S, C-N
  • Synthases, Synthetases
  • Thiokinases
  • Carboxylases

14
??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
15
??????????????????????????????????????
16
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18
???????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
    ??????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????

19
????????????????????? ??????????????????????
20
???????????? Binding Energy
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????? Functional group ???????????????????????????
    ??????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????? Conformation ?????????????

21
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22
?????????????????????????????
23
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25
??????????????????? (Enzyme Kinetics)
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????
  • ???????????????????????
  • ???? V0 ??? S
  • ????? Enzyme ?????

26
Michaelis-Menten Model
  • ?????????????????????????
  • 1. ???????????????????????????????????????
  • 2. ?????????? gtgt ???????
  • 3. ????????????????????????????? ( V0 k2 ES )
  • 4. ES ?????????????????????? (k2 rate
    limiting step)
  • Steady state kinetics

27
Michaelis-Menten Equation
??? V0 Vmax / 2
28
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29
Lineweaver-Burk Equation
???????????????????? Y aX C ????? Y 1/V0
??? X 1/S
30
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31
??????????????? Kcat ??? Vmax
  • Kcat Turnover number
  • ??????????????????????????????????
    (Substrate) ?????????????????? ???????????????????
    ????????????? (Product) ?????????????????
    (?????????????)
  • ??? Kcat ??? ?????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????? (Rate limiting step)
  • Vmax Kcat Et

32
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33
??????????????? Kcat / Km (Specific constant)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????? (??????????????????????????????)

34
Kinetics Parameters of Chymotrypsin
35
????????????????????????????????????????
36
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38
???????????????????????????? (Enzyme Inhibition)
39
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40
?????? ES complex
41
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42
???????????????????????????????? ESI complex
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44
??????????????????????????? (Irreversible)
Diisopropylfluorophosphate ???????????????????????
?? Chymotrypsin ?????????????????
45
????????????? (Regulatory enzymes)
??????????????????????????
46
Allosteric Enzyme
  • ?????????????????????(Allosteric modulators)
  • ????????????? (Inhibitory modulator)
  • ????????????? (Stimulatory Modulator)
  • ????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
    ?????????????

47
??????????????????????????? ???????????????????
48
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49
???????????????????????????????????????????????
50
???????????? pH
51
Side Chain ??????????????? Active Site
52
Side Chain ??????????????? Active Site
53
?????????????
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