Title: Enzyme
1???????Enzyme
- ??. ??????? ??????????????
2???????
- ??????? ??????????????????????????????
(Biological catalyst) - ???????????????????????? ?????????????? (Ribozyme
or Catalytic RNA) - gt ??????? ???????????????????????? ????
??????????? ???????????? ???
3?????????? (Cofactor)
- ??????????? ????????????????
?????????????????????????????? - ???????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????
- Holoenzyme ?????????????????????????????????????
?????????????? - Apoenzyme Prosthetic group
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6????????????????????????????
- ?????????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????????????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????????????????????
- ?????????????????????????????????????
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8Oxidoreductases
- ????????????? Oxidation-reduction
- Dehydrogenases
- Oxidases
- Reductases
- Peroxidases
- ????????????????????? NADH, NADPH, FADH2
9Transferases
- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? - Kinases - ????????? Phosphate
- Aminotransferases - ????????? Amino
- Transcarboxylases - ????????? Carboxyl
10Hydrolases
- ????????????? Hydrolysis
- Esterases
- Proteases
- Phosphatases
- Amylases
- Peptidases
- Ureases
11Lyases
- ??????????????????????????? C-C, C-S, C-N
- Decarboxylases
- Aldolases
- Dehydratases
- Lyases
12Isomerases
- ????????????????????????????????????????
- Epimerases
- Isomerases
- Racemases
- Mutases
13Ligases
- ????????????????????????????? ???????? C-C, C-O,
C-S, C-N - Synthases, Synthetases
- Thiokinases
- Carboxylases
14??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
15??????????????????????????????????????
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18???????????????????????
- ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
??????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????? - ????????????????????????????????????????????????
19????????????????????? ??????????????????????
20???????????? Binding Energy
- ????????????????????????????????????????????????
- ????? Functional group ???????????????????????????
?????? - ??????????????????????????????????????
- ????????????????? Conformation ?????????????
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22?????????????????????????????
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25??????????????????? (Enzyme Kinetics)
- ????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? - ???????????????????????
- ???? V0 ??? S
- ????? Enzyme ?????
26Michaelis-Menten Model
- ?????????????????????????
- 1. ???????????????????????????????????????
- 2. ?????????? gtgt ???????
- 3. ????????????????????????????? ( V0 k2 ES )
- 4. ES ?????????????????????? (k2 rate
limiting step) - Steady state kinetics
27Michaelis-Menten Equation
??? V0 Vmax / 2
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29Lineweaver-Burk Equation
???????????????????? Y aX C ????? Y 1/V0
??? X 1/S
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31??????????????? Kcat ??? Vmax
- Kcat Turnover number
- ??????????????????????????????????
(Substrate) ?????????????????? ???????????????????
????????????? (Product) ?????????????????
(?????????????) - ??? Kcat ??? ?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????? (Rate limiting step) - Vmax Kcat Et
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33??????????????? Kcat / Km (Specific constant)
- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? (??????????????????????????????)
34Kinetics Parameters of Chymotrypsin
35????????????????????????????????????????
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38???????????????????????????? (Enzyme Inhibition)
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40?????? ES complex
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42???????????????????????????????? ESI complex
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44??????????????????????????? (Irreversible)
Diisopropylfluorophosphate ???????????????????????
?? Chymotrypsin ?????????????????
45????????????? (Regulatory enzymes)
??????????????????????????
46Allosteric Enzyme
- ?????????????????????(Allosteric modulators)
- ????????????? (Inhibitory modulator)
- ????????????? (Stimulatory Modulator)
- ????????????????????????????????????
- ??????????????????????????????
- ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
?????????????
47??????????????????????????? ???????????????????
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49???????????????????????????????????????????????
50???????????? pH
51Side Chain ??????????????? Active Site
52Side Chain ??????????????? Active Site
53?????????????