German

1
German UNIFICATION
2
A DIVIDED GERMANY

• Loose federation of 39 States
• Controlled by 2 Powers
• Austria Hapsburgs
• Prussia Hohenzollern

3

• Prussian Junker
• 1851 King Frederick William IV appointed him
  representative to the diet of the German
  Confederation

Otto von Bismark
4

• Convinced Germany too small for Austria
  Prussia
• 1859 ambassador to Russia
• 1862 ambassador to France

Otto von Bismark
5
A NEW PRUSSIAN KING

• 1858 King Frederick William IV declared
  insane
• Brother William becomes regent
• 1861 Frederick William IV dies
• William I takes the throne

6

• Wanted to strengthen Prussian Army
• 1862 named Bismark Minister-President
• Deadlock in Parliament over military Bismark
  said that it would be settled by blood and iron

King William I
7
1864 War with Denmark

• 1863 Denmark annexed the duchy of Schleswig
  infuriating German nationals
• 1864 Prussia allies with Austria against
  Denmark
• Denmark defeated

8
1864 War with Denmark

• August 1865 Convention of Gastein
• Joint Prussian Austrian possession of Schleswig
  and Holstein
• Gave Bismark opportunity to pick fight with
  Austria

9
1866 The Seven Weeks War

• Prussia Accused Austria of Breaking Convention of
  Gastein
• Proposed abolition of German Confederation
• July 3 Prussia defeated Austria

10
1866 The Seven Weeks War

• August Treaty of Prague
• Prussia gained
• Schleswig Holstein
• Annexed north German states Hanover, Hesse,
  Nassau Frankfurt
• Dissolved German Conf.

11
Otto von Bismark oil on canvas
12
1867 The North German Confederation

• United states north of Main River under Prussia
• Obstacles impeding the addition of Southern
  states
• Southern Catholic Northern Lutheran
• Napoleon III against it France benefited from
  divided Germany

13
1867 The North German Confederation

• Bismark believed War with France was only way to
  achieve full unification
• 1868 Revolution in Spain provided the
  opportunity
• Power vacancy arose in Spain created a rift
  between France and Prussia

14
1870 Franco-German War

• France wanted reassurance William I refused
• Ems Telegram
• Bismark edited William Is report to instigate a
  war
• July 19 Napoleon III declared war on Prussia

15
1870 Franco-German War

• Bismark had formed alliances with South German
  states
• September 2 France surrenders
• January 18, 1871 At Versailles William I
  proclaimed German Emperor
• May 10, 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt
• Germany gets Alsace Lorraine

16
Otto von Bismark