Chapter 1 Section 2

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Chapter 1Section 2

• The Geographers Tools

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Maps Globes

• A geographers tools include maps, globes, data
  that can be seen in different ways.
• A globe is a three-dimensional representation of
  the earth.
• Maps are two-dimensional representation of
  selected parts of the earths surface.
• Cartographer is a map maker.
• Map projection is a way of drawing the earths
  surface that reduces distortion caused by
  presenting a round earth on flat paper.

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Cont.

• Physical maps they show the types of landforms
  and bodies of water found in a specific area.
• Political maps show features on the earths
  surface that humans created. It will include
  cities, states, provinces, territories, or
  countries.

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Physical Political Maps
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Three Types of Maps

• General reference maps, also called a topographic
  map Its representation is of natural and
  man-made features on the earth.
• Navigation maps, they are used for direction.
• Thematic maps emphasize specific kinds of
  information population, climate, economics etc.

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Thematic Maps which focus on specific types of
information Climate, vegetation, natural
resources, population density, economic
activities.

• Qualitative maps use colors, symbols, dots, or
  lines to help you see patterns related to a
  specific idea.
• Cartograms present information about a country
  based on a set of data other than land area.
• Flow-line maps illustrate movement of people,
  goods, ideas, animals, or even glaciers.

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Topographic Map
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The Science of Mapmaking

• A Cartographer decides what type of map to create
  by considering how the map will be used.
• Surveying they observe, measure, record data.
• Remote Sensing data is gathered primarily by
  aerial photography or by satellites. The data
  consists of information such as elevation, land
  cover, difference in temperature.

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How Satellites Gather Map Data

• It orbit the earth
• Instruments measure invisible electromagnetic
  waves
• The data is first converted to code then to
  pixels
• Computer then converts pixels to usable images.

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Satellites

• Landsat a series of satellites that orbit more
  than 100 miles above the entire earth in 16 days.
• Geostationary Operational Enviroment satellite
  (GOES) is a weather satellite.
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) it stores
  information about the world in a digital base.
• Global Positioning System (GPS) The system uses
  a series of 24 satellites called Navstars it is
  used to determine location.

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Geographic Information Systems
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Global Positioning System
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Projections shows the curved surface of the
earth on a flat map.

• Planar Projections also called azimuthal
  projections
• Conical projection
• Cylindrical projections is projection onto a
  cylinder. 3 types
• Mercator, homolosine, Robinson

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Problems with maps?

• Distance, shape, direction, or area may be
  distorted by projection

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Planar Projections also called the azimuthal
projection isa projection on a flat surface.
This type of map gives the shortest distance
between the two points.
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Conical projection is a projection onto a cone.
It often use to show large area of landmasses
going east and west.
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Cylindrical projections is projection onto a
cylinder. This projection shows the entire earth
on one map. 3 typesMercator, homolosine,
Robinson
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Equal areasPlaces shown have the same
proportions as they do on Earth. Example
Greenland 1/8 land area of S. America
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ConformalityHaving correct shapes.Shows true
shapes.Can show larger areas as closely as
possible to their true shapes
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Questions

• 1.What is an advantage a disadvantage of a of a
  globe?
• It 3 dimensional and so it shows the earth as it
  is in space. Not as portable as maps.
• 2.What is an advantage and disadvantage of maps?
• They are portable distortion occurs in
  flattening the earths surface to create a map.
• 3. What are three basic map types, and what do
  they show?
• General reference shows natural man-made
  features, Thematic maps show specific
  information, such as climate zones, Nautical
  maps provide information needed to navigate
  though air or water.

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Cont.

• 4. What is the first step in making a map and how
  is it done?
• Surveying or collecting data by means of aerial
  photography or satellites.
• 5. What is Landsat?
• A series of satellites that orbit more than 100
  miles above the earth every 16 days.

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• 6. What is GPS, and how is it used?
• A computer technology that helps mapmakers
  combine geographic data about a location from
  several sources.
• 7.What is GPS?
• A series of satellites that beam location
  information to earth.