Training

1
North American Weed Management Associations(NAWM
A)Weed Free Forage Program
Adrianne Peterson www.nawma.org Pictures by the
many photographers in the Weed Handbook Series
1-55 and Adrianne Peterson
2
NAWMA

• NAWMA is a network of professional weed managers
  involved in implementing any phase of county,
  municipal, district, state, provincial or federal
  weed law

3
NAWMA continued

• In the late 1990s NAWMA took over the weed free
  program and created minimum standards
• All western states were asked to be involved with
  the creation
• Many states came together and agreed to the
  standards

4
Introduction

• There is a growing demand in North America for
  the use of certified weed free forage and mulch
  as a preventative program
• The goal of this standard is to provide a
  guideline to set minimum requirements for a
  uniform program

5
Why is there a growing demand?

• Forest Service, BLM and other government agencies
  are requiring certified hay
• Department of Transportation in many states
  require certified hay and mulch
• Public awareness has increased on invasive weeds

6
Who should promote or buy certified forage?

• Federal and State agencies
• Forage buyers
• Outdoor recreationalists, hunters, outfitters,
  and sportsmen

7
How does it benefit you?

• Intra and interstate commerce
• Protect natural resources
• Protect natural habitat of wildlife
• Preserve the aesthetic value of our natural
  scenery
• Prevent introduction and spread of invasives

8
Benefits

• Education has been the biggest benefit
• This includes the producer to the recreationalist
• Public awareness has been very important

9
Certification benefits

• Producer with a quality product to market
• Producer with management education
• Buyer with a marketable and transportable product
• State involved in weed management and clean forage

10
Benefits continued

• State, province, and federal agencies managing
  invasive weeds such as USDA FS, National Park
  Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, BLM, Bureau
  of Reclamation, Game and Fish, DOT, State Lands,
  etc

11
Standards are designed . . .

• To provide assurance to all participants that
  forage certified through this program meets a
  minimum acceptable standard
• To provide continuity between the various
  provinces, states and counties in the program

12
Standards continued

• To limit the spread of noxious weeds through
  forage and mulch
• There is a disclaimer North American Forage
  Standards may not meet the forage quality by the
  Hay Marketing Task Force

13
Minimum standards

• Field inspection
• Inspection certificate
• Transit
• Forage tag
• Twine
• Weed list

14
Remember!!

• These are minimum standards. Some state
  standards can and will most likely be more strict
  and complex

15
Weeds

• We are going to show the weed list as we go so it
  is not so many weeds at the end!

16
Absinth wormwood

• Perennial
• Grows 16-48 inches tall
• Large dissected leaves that are 11/4 to 3 inches
  long

17
Absinth wormwood
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Bermudagrass

• Perennial grass
• Leaves smooth conspicuous ring of white hairs at
  the blade and sheath junction
• Creeping rhizomes

19
Bermudagrass
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Black Henbane

• Annual or biennial
• Leaves hairy and have a foul odor
• Flowers brownish yellow with purple veins
• Seeds tiny in a vase-shaped seed capsule

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Black Henbane
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Buffalobur

• Annual
• Leaves deeply lobed covered with spines on the
  under side
• Flowers are yellow
• Seeds in a spine covered capsule

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Buffalobur
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Canada thistle

• Perennial
• Roots are extensive creeping rootstocks
• Plants are male or female
• Flowers are bristly clusters of lavender to rose
  color

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Canada thistle
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Common burdock

• Biennial
• Leaves are large and heart shaped
• Flowers purple and clustered
• Seedheads have hooked spines like velcro

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Common burdock
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Common crupina

• Winter annual
• Leaves are deeply lobed with margins containing
  short stiff spines
• Flowers pink, purple, lavender
• Seeds oblong with a ring of dark stiff bristles
  encircling the end

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Common crupina
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Common St. Johnswort

• Perennial
• Opposite leaves attached directly to stem covered
  with transparent dots
• Yellow 5 petal flowers
• Seeds small and rough

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Common St. Johnswort
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Common tansy

• Perennial
• Leaves are dark green and fern-like
• Flowers are yellow button-like with no petals
• Very aromatic

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Common tansy
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Dalmation toadflax

• Perennial
• Leaves are heart shaped and clasping
• Flowers are bright yellow with a 1 ½ inch spur
• Roots are creeping