Taxonomy

1
Taxonomy

• Classifying and Naming Organisms
• Carl Linne (Linnaeus) - taxonomist, binomial
  nomenclature
• each kind of organism with a scientific name
• species genus and specific epithet

2
Kingdoms

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

3
Classification

• Kingdom
• Phylum (animal biologists)
• /Division (plant biologists)
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Specific epithet

4
I. Constructing a Dichotomous Key

• taxonomic Key
• used for identifying an object
• dichotomous key
• key based on two alternatives
• exercise p. 14.6-7 shapes
• exercise p. 14.7-9 classmates

5
Prokaryotes Kingdom Monera or
Prokaryotaetwo subgroups

• Eubacteria
• typical heterotrophic bacteria,
• photosynthetic cyanobacteria,
• pathogens

• Archaeobacteria halophiles, thermophiles,
  acidophiles

6
Bacteria

• binary fission, type of reproduction
• peptidoglycan, cell wall composition
• flagella composed of flagellin
• ribosomes, small and free in cytosol
• nucleiod for a circular dsDNA
• ubiquitous
• colony tens of thousands of organisms all
  originating from a single cell that underwent
  binary fission

7
I. Bacterial Morphology

• Three basic shapes
• coccus
• bacillus
• spirillum
• exercise p. 15.5 draw the three basic shapes

8
II. Bacterial Culture and Staining

• grown in
• broth
• agar (Petri plates or slants)
• Gram stain divides bacteria
• Gram positive
• Gram negative
• exercise p.15.9-10

9
III. Biochemical Identification

• biochemical tests for definitive
  identification
• Enterotube Multitest System, with
• 12 media
• 15 reactions