Collection of general data mining briefings

1
Trustworthy Semantic Web Knowledge Management
E-Business Semantic Web Semantic E-Business
Dr. Bhavani Thuraisingham

November 3, 2008
2
Outline of the Unit

• What is Knowledge Management?
• Basic concepts Components and Models
• Organizational Learning Process
• Knowledge Management Architecture
• Secure Knowledge Management and Trust Negotiation
• Knowledge Models
• Some efforts
• Integration of KM with E-Business and Semantic
  Web
• Reference IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and
  Cybernetics, May 2006
• Chapters 17 and 19 of the textbook

3
What is Knowledge Management

• Knowledge management, or KM, is the process
  through which organizations generate value from
  their intellectual property and knowledge-based
  assets
• KM involves the creation, dissemination, and
  utilization of knowledge
• Reference http//www.commerce-database.com/knowle
  dge-management.htm?sourcegoogle

4
Knowledge Management Components
Knowledge
Components of
Management
Components,
Cycle and
Technologies
Cycle
Technologies
Components
Knowledge, Creation
Expert systems
Strategies
Sharing, Measurement
Collaboration
Processes
And Improvement
Training
Metrics
Web
5
Knowledge Models

• Level 1 Highest Level
• Mental models utilized by psychologists
• Social models (e.g. social network models) used
  by sociologists
• Level 2 Mid-level
• Models utilized by expert systems
• Process modeling
• Level Bottom level
• Models understood by machines
• E.g., rule-based, frame-based, etc.

6
Organizational Learning Process
Incentives
Source Reinhardt and Pawlowsky
also see Tools in Organizational
Learning http//duplox.wz-berlin.de/oldb/forslin.h
tml
7
Six Principals of Effective Learning

• Effective Learning Requires
• Understanding
• 1) Mental models, paradigms, context,
  observation, assumptions, opinion, fact, truth
• 2) Systems Thinking - Variation
• Skills
• 3) Ability to challenge assumptions
• 4) Listen to Understand
• Process
• 5) Complete observe, assess (reflection, gain
  understanding), design (develop theory,
  prediction, vision), implement (test), cycle
• 6) Teach others

8
Knowledge Management Metrics - The Goal of
Metrics

• Measuring Success (How am I doing?)
• Benchmarking (How am I comparatively doing?)
• Tracking Improvement (Am I getting better?)
• Direct
• future investment (technology, employees)
• strategy
• alignment (culture, incentives)

One way to ensure your doing worse is to not
measure - Adapted from Pressman
9
Learning By-Product Measures

• Papers in Competitive Journals and Magazines
• Percentage New Technology compared to all
  Technology
• Process Cycle Time
• Employee Surveys
• Involvement with decisions
• Recognition for work achieved
• Access to information
• Rewarding risk taking
• Overall Satisfaction
• Employee Retention
• Employee Suggestion Process

10
Knowledge Management Incentive-based Approaches

• Receiver
• Positive Incentives
• Knowledge Gained
• Can teach others what is learned

• Teacher
• Positive Incentives
• Knowledge Transfer Champion prestige
• Can improve knowledge

• Negative Incentives
• Time
• Unqualified teacher

• Negative Incentives
• Time
• Students not willing to learn

11
Knowledge Management Strategies, Processes,
Metrics and Tools
Knowledge Management Within and Across
Corporations and Agencies
Strategies e.g., Management Plans
Policies Data sharing vs. Privacy
Processes e.g., best practices
Tools e.g., Semantic Web
Metrics e.g., web usage
12
Knowledge Management Architecture
Knowledge Creation and Acquisition Manager
Knowledge Representation Manager
Knowledge Dissemination and Sharing Manager
Knowledge Manipulation Manager
13
Knowledge Exchange AnnotationEngine (KEAN)

• Resides on any web-accessible knowledge base (any
  intranet, www)
• Increases incentive to share information
• Author gets positive and negative feedback about
  information that is submitted
• Feedback system - no more publishing documents
  that disappear into the ether
• Prestige - top rated document views
• Quality filters steer user towards best
  information
• Domain specific instances of KEAN are created
• Works with Java enabled browser

14
The Three Versions of KEAN Architecture

• Version 1 beta version
• No reuse
• Two-tiered
• Stored procedures
• Version 2 newest version
• GUI reuse via JavaBeans
• Two-tiered
• JDBC access to database
• Version 3 final version
• Logic reuse via Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
• Three-tiered
• CORBA access to objects

15
Structure of Version 1 - Beta Version of KEAN
Stored Procedures (PL/SQL)
ORACLE WEB SERVER

• Html
• JavaScript
• Applets

• ORACLE

Thin http client
Database tier
16
Structure of Version 2
Code reuse with a two tier architecture
JDBC
ORACLE WEB SERVER

• KeanBeans

• ORACLE

Thick client
Database tier
17
Structure of Version 3
web Server

• KeanBeans

• RDBMSs
• and
• OODBMS

• CORBA ORB

• EJB

thin client
middle tier
server tier
18
Secure Knowledge Management

• Protecting the intellectual property of an
  organization
• Access control including role-based access
  control
• Security for process/activity management and
  workflow
• Users must have certain credentials to carry out
  an activity
• Composing multiple security policies across
  organizations
• Security for knowledge management strategies and
  processes
• Risk management and economic tradeoffs
• Digital rights management and trust negotiation

19
Trust Management and Negotiation

• Design a Trust Model
• Investigate the current trust models. Identify
  the inadequacies of current trust models and
  design a model for the semantic web/DIVO
• Components include trust management, trust
  negotiation as well as economic tradeoffs
• Design a Language for specifying Trust policies
• Start with XML, RDF and Web Rules language and
  incorporate features for trust management and
  negotiation
• Design and develop techniques for enforcing the
  trust policies
• Automated Trust Negotiation A attempts to access
  database D based on access control policies
  However before A can access D, triggers go off
  and owner of D exchanges credential information
  with A (

20
Knowledge Management for Coalitions
Knowledge for Coalition
Export
Export
Knowledge
Knowledge
Export
Knowledge
Component
Component
Knowledge for
Knowledge for
Agency A
Agency C
Component
Knowledge for
Agency B
21
Status and Directions

• Knowledge management has exploded due to the web
• Knowledge Management has different dimensions
• Technology, Business
• Tools are emerging
• Need effective partnerships between business
  leaders, technologists and policy makers
• Major direction is integrating E-Business
  processes and semantic web technologies for
  knowledge management

22
Semantic E-Business

• E-Business processes (e.g., order management,
  supply chain management, contracts management,
  workflow management)
• Service oriented architectures
• Apply semantic web technologies such as XML, RDF,
  Ontologies and RulesML to represent data and
  reason about the data for the e-business
  processes
• Results in effective knowledge management as
  organization is getting benefits
• The topic is called Semantic E-Business
• IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and
  Cybernetics, March 2006

23
Some Efforts - 1

• Messaging (ebMS)  This is a specialization of
  web services for business to business
  applications.
• Business Process and Collaboration (ebBP)  This
  set of specification enables collaboration among
  business partners.
• Collaboration Protocol Profile and Agreement
  (CPPA)  Their effort provides definitions for
  the sets of information used in business
  collaborations.
• Registry and Repository  The goal of this effort
  is to come up with specification hat enable
  interoperable registries and repositories
• Core Components (CCTS)  This effort focuses on
  technologies such as context and content assembly.

24
Some Efforts - 2

• Semantic web technologies have many applications
  in knowledge management. For example, we need
  ontologies to capture the represent knowledge and
  reason about the knowledge.
• Paul Warren gives an example on how a political
  scientist, Sally who wants to research the extent
  to which British Prime Minister Tony Blair's
  stance on Zimbabwe has changed over a year and
  what factors might have caused that change.
• He further states that in the world of the
  Semantic Web, Sally could search for everything
  written by Blair on this topic over a specific
  time period. She could also search for
  transcripts of his speeches. Information markup
  wouldn't stop at the article or report level but
  would also exist at the article section level.
  So, Sally could also locate articles written by
  political commentators that contain transcripts
  of Blair's speeches
• Now knowledge management also has applications
  for building the semantic web. For example, prior
  knowledge captured as a result of knowledge
  management can be used by agents to better
  understand the web pages. With respect to
  security, in the example by Warren,
  confidentiality, privacy and trust policies will
  determine the extent to which Sally trusts the
  articles and has access to the articles in
  putting together her report on Tony Blairs
  speeches.

25
Some Efforts OBELIX

• Ontologies have also been developed for
  e-commerce applications specified in languages
  such as RDF, RDF-S, OWL and OWL-S
• For example, in the Obelix project a very good
  description of e-business and ontologies is
  provided. The authors state that a problem with
  e-commerce is the vague ideas that lack precise
  description they then discuses their approach
  which they call e3value which is based on
  requirements engineering and they define
  ontologies for e-commerce.
• It is stated that OBELIX is the first
  ontology-based e-business system of its kind in
  the world to provide smart, scaleable integration
  and interoperability capabilities.
• It is also stated that this project
  incorporates ontology management and
  configuration, an e-business application server
  and ontology-based e-application tools as well as
  an e-business library.
• OBLEIX is a European Commission project and the
  goal is to automate e-business services in a
  semantic web environment which has come to be
  called semantic e-business.