History of Artificial Intelligence

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History of Artificial Intelligence

• The application of AI in archaic China
• MachineryHuman can rataplan and give the
  correct time
• MachineryDancer can dance by themselves
• Wooden ZhongKui is a good rat catcher
• International
• 1936 Turing Machine by Alan Turing.
• Turing machines were not meant to be a practical
  computing technology
• 1943 W. S. McCulloch W. H. Pitts ( MP model)
• they attempted to demonstrate that a Turing
  machine program could be implemented in a finite
  network of formal neurons, (in the event, the
  Turing Machine contains their model of the brain,
  but the converse is not true)
• 1950 Computer can own thinking by Alan Turing.

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History of Artificial Intelligence

• 1948 Cybernetics
• Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the
  structure of complex systems, especially
  communication processes, control mechanisms and
  feedback principles. Cybernetics is closely
  related to control theory and systems theory.

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Example of cybernetic thinking. On the one hand a
company is approached as a system in an
environment. On the other hand cybernetic factory
can be modeled as a control system.
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History of Artificial Intelligence

• Heuristic program
• 1956 Logic Theory Machine
• 1965 Resolution Principle
• Expert System
• 19651968 DENDRAL for chemic analyze (E. A.
  Feigennbaum)
• 19711976 MYCIN for medical expert system (E. H.
  Shortliffe)
• 19761981 PROSPECTOR for geologic exploration
  (R.O. Duda)
• Intelligent Robot
• 1968 J. McCarthy?1972 P. H. Winston?1991 R . A.
  Brooks

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Different worlds of Artificial Intelligence

• Structure simulation
• Artificial neural cell (MP model)
• Artificial neural network (Perceptron)
• Function simulation
• Heuristic program
• Expert system
• Behavior simulation
• Cybernetic animal
• Intelligent robot