Session 5: Measures to be taken at Outbreaks

1
Session 5 Measures to be taken at Outbreaks

• Agris Bokums (LV)
• State Plant Protection Service

2
Measures to be taken at outbreaks

• Legislation
• Containment
• Extent of outbreak
• Eradication

3
Legislation

• EU Control Directives
• Directive 2000/29/EC
• Marketing Directives

4

• Total area of potato production in EU in 2006
  was
• 2 404 670 ha( 2,21 from total arable land)

5
Potato ring rot never found (EU countries)

• Ireland
• Italy
• Luxemburg
• Malta
• Portugal
• Slovenia

6
Samples taken for detection of ring rot / brown
rot (2006 year harvest)
7
Potato ring rot positive samples EU (2006/2007)

• Positive samples totally

8
Potato ring rot positive samples EU (2006/2007)

• Seed potato samples

9
Potato ring rot 2006 year harvest

• Organism found in 15 EU Member States
• First finding in Bulgaria
• Infection not found
• Already second year
• Hungary, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom
• Already third year
• Austria, Belgium, Denmark
• In 7 member states found in seed potatoes
• Substantially decreased in Poland
• Substantially increased in Greece (all findings
  in Crete)

10
Potato quarantine organisms present in Latvia

• Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
• Globodera rostochiensis
• Synchytrium endobioticum
• Ditylenchus destructor
• Leptinotarsa decemlineata (for ZP)

11
Situation in Latvia (potato ring rot)
12
Ring rot eradication programme(Latvian
experience)

• First found in Latvia in 1997 when was listed as
  quarantine organism and official surveys started
• As eradication seems to be not very successful,
  working group in 2005 created ring rot
  eradication and elimination programme (2006-2009)
  which was approved by the Cabinet of Ministers

13
Ring rot eradication programme steps

• Step 1 Ensure that on potato production farms
  the whole stock of potatoes is replaced by
  certified seed potatoes thus, every year
  replacing planting material on 25 of planted
  area in 4 years
• Step 2 Working out disinfection measures for
  eradication of ring rot bacteria
• Step 3 Implementation of support system for
  ensuring of fulfillment of phytosanitary measures
• Step 4 To ensure effective state supervision of
  potato growers which are registered in SPPS

14
Step 1.

• To work out the Regulations of Cabinet of
  Ministers Amendments to Regulations of the
  Cabinet of Ministers No 569 of 26 July 2005 Order
  for prevention of spread and eradication of
  potato ring rot (in force from 1 January 2009)
• To work out draft law Amendments to
  Administrative Violation Codex of Latvia (in
  force from 1July 2008)
• To sign a cooperation agreement between SPPS and
  Rural Support Service on delivering information
  about farms which are growing potatoes more than
  1 ha (in force from 1July 2008)

15
Step 1 (continued)

• To assign the state support for potato growers
  for purchasing certified seed to the extent of
  50 (cancelled)
• To work out the draft of Regulations of Cabinet
  of Ministers Amendments to Regulations of the
  Cabinet of Ministers No. 446 Regulations on
  potato seed growing and potato seed marketing
  (in force from 1 January 2009)
• State support to the seed sector, ensuring
  covering that all the expenses for seed potato
  certification for growers (in force from 1
  January 2007)

16
Step 2.

• To work out and realize project on disinfection
  measures for eradication of ring rot bacteria
  (finished in 2007)

17
Research Disinfectants for combating of
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus

• State Ltd Plant Protection Research Centre of
  Latvia carried out research (2006-2007) for
  clarifying the possible use and efficacy of
  several disinfectants for combating of bacteria
  causing potato ring rot
• Menno Florades single disinfectant registered
  in Latvia
• 7 new disinfectants investigated in 2006
• 13 new disinfectants investigated in 2007

18
Permitted disinfectants

• 5 disinfectants recognized as more effective
• Virkon S
• Neoquat S
• Sanibact
• Virocid
• Hexaquart L

• Registered disinfectant Menno Florades has shown
  low efficacy - 59 during research done in
  production and laboratory circumstances

19
Provisions for use of disinfectants

• Object of treatment infected or potentially
  infected stores, agricultural machinery,
  transport and other articles and packing material
  which has been contacted with infected or
  potentially infected potatoes
• Before treatment carefully clean all surfaces
  of potato storages, packaging (boxes, containers)
  from soil and organic waste
• Method of treatment spraying, operating
  pressure of spraying 2.5-3.0 bar
• Infected or potentially infected object is
  treated once

20
Recommendations for the use of disinfectants
21
Permit for the use of unregistered disinfectants

• In accordance with the Decision of the SPPS
  No.618 of 3 April 2008
• The farms for which the phytosanitary measures on
  combating of potato ring rot are prescribed for
  harvest 2006 and 2007, are permitted to obtain
  and use the above mentioned 5 disinfectants
• Period of validity of Permit 31July 2008

22
Step 3.

• To assign support for potato growers which farms
  was infected by ring rot and which has fulfilled
  the phytosanitary measures determined by the
  inspector of the State Plant Protection Service (
  in force from 2005)

23
Step 4.

• 4.1.SPPS carry out
• inspections
• sampling
• laboratory testing
• testing of imported seed potatoes for detection
  of latent infection
• enforced phytosanitary measures
• public information

24
Step 4.

• 4.2. New laboratory building at 36/38 Lielvardes
  street in Riga (officially opened on the 21st of
  February 2008)
• National Phytosanitary Laboratory
• Seed Control Laboratory
• 4.3. Creating of Geographical information system
  for ensuring the mapping of infected areas by
  potato ring rot (started on 2007)

25
Old laboratory 05.09.2006
26
New laboratory 21.02.2008
27
New Laboratory 21.02.2008
28
Eradication and control of potato ring rot

• For eradication and control of potato ring rot
  measures were taken according SPPS methodological
  guidelines
• Methodological guidelines for restriction and
  eradication of potato ring rot (Clavibacter
  michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus)

29

State Plant Protection Service Republikas
laukums 2, Riga, LV-1981
Inspection report on phytosanitary
control code
No. 305________
30
Signatures _________________ _______________
signature
name _________________ _______________
signature name Inspection
report has been prepared in 2 exemplars.
I have received 1 exemplar
________________, ______________ signature
date
31
Before final test results

• Issuance of movement restriction before final
  test results
• Trace back connected lots
• If not confirmed remove movements restriction

32
State Plant Protection Service Republikas laukums
2, Riga, LV-1981 Inspection report on
phytosanitary control code
No. 412________
33
Signatures _________________ _______________
signature
name _________________ _________________
signature name Inspection
report has been prepared in 2 exemplars.
I have received 1 exemplar
________________, ______________
signature date
34
After final test results

• Enter in official records
• Issue eradication act requiring eradication or
  containment action by grower
• Arrange staff and other resources
• Issue publicity on NPPO website or to the press,
  media, trade bodies
• Notification to EC, IPPC, EPPO

35
Eradication and control of potato ring rot

• Inspector designated as infected all lots of
  potatoes from which samples were taken and
  positive results were obtained, all machinery
  that has been in contact with infected potatoes,
  any other objects including packing what have
  been in contact with infected potatoes, all
  fields and production places from which infected
  potatoes were harvested and all the infected
  fields were marked on farms map

36
Eradication and control of potato ring rot

• Inspector carried out investigation to determine
  spread and possible spread of ring rot as well as
  origin of infected potatoes (from where seed
  potatoes came from)
• All potatoes grown at farm were prohibited to
  plant

37
Eradication and control of potato ring rot

• Potatoes were used for consumption, ensuring that
  there is no possible risk of ring rot spread
• All machinery, packing, storage places were
  disinfected

38
Eradication and control of potato ring rot

• It was prohibited to plant potatoes in infected
  fields for at least following 4 years and it was
  prescribed to eliminate volunteer potato plants
  in those fields
• Following year in other fields was allowed to
  plant certified seed potatoes for ware potato
  production

39
Eradication and control of potato ring rot

• After harvest inspections were carried out and
  samples taken and tested in phytosanitary
  laboratory to make sure that there is no spread
  of organism

40
Eradication and control of potato ring rot

• Next year was allowed to plant certified seed
  potatoes for ware and seed potato production.
  After harvest samples were taken and tested in
  phytosanitary laboratory
• As there was no infection found it was allowed to
  carry on seed potato growing

41
PCN - Globodera rostochiensis

• Widespread in Latvia
• Latvia is the ZP for Globodera pallida
• Surveys for detection of Globodera pallida showed
  that this plant quarantine organism is not
  present in Latvia
• In 2007 - 1019,8 ha of potato seed production
  farms, 141,7 ha of ware potato production farms
  and 147,429 ha of propagating material nurseries
  were inspected and 10 792 samples were taken and
  tested for detection of Globodera rostochiensis
  and Globodera pallida
• Globodera rostochiensis was found in 74 samples
  and total infected area is 60 ha
• For different export consignments 53 samples
  (soil sweepings, peat, growing medium of pot
  plants and vegetables) were taken and tested in
  laboratory, no evidence of potato cyst nematodes
  was found

42
Surveys 2007

• Soil samples for testing of Globodera
  rostochiensis and Globodera pallida

43
Measures at outbreaks

• Seed potatoes
• Restricted to grow seed potatoes in infected
  field
• Restricted to sell potatoes from infected fields
  and also use them in own farm for planting
• Use potatoes from infected field for consumption,
  animal food or deliver to processing factories
  (starch, alcohol, chips) with appropriate
  waste/water disposal system under the supervision
  of inspector
• Cleaning (washing) agricultural machinery from
  soil directly on infected area or another
  suitable place ensuring that there is no risk for
  further contamination by nematode
• Use crop rotation at least for 4 years
• Choose another uninfected field (surveyed by
  inspector)

44
Measures at outbreaks

• Ware potatoes
• Restricted to grow potatoes in infected field
• Cleaning (washing) agricultural machinery from
  soil directly on infected area or another
  suitable place ensuring that there is no risk for
  further contamination by nematode
• Choose another uninfected field (surveyed by
  inspector)
• or
• Permitted to grow only nematode-resistant
  varieties (in fields with low/medium nematode
  invasion)
• or
• Permitted to grow early potatoes with early
  harvesting
• Use crop rotation at least for 4 years

45
Measures at outbreaks

• Nurseries
• Restricted to trade plants
• Choose another uninfected field (surveyed by
  inspector) for growing of planting material
• or
• Washing soil from roots before trade under the
  supervision of inspector

46
Synchytrium endobioticum

• Potato wart disease is present in Latvia in 3
  districts totally 7 outbreaks in 1,93 ha. Each
  year the supervision is carried out for checking
  if there is grown potatoes or planting material.
  Really these outbreaks are not in production area
  these are old private gardens with no
  agricultural production. Outbreaks are more than
  20 years old and SPPS is planning to de-schedule
  these outbreaks after carrying out biological
  control
• Only resistant varieties of potatoes are grown in
  Latvia

47
Ditylenchus destructor

• 2007 - first found in Latvia (ware potatoes) when
  official surveys were started
• Phytosanitary measures prescribed
• Restricted to plant the infected batch
• Use infected potatoes only in own premise
• Recommended to plant certified seed potatoes
• 2008 additional inspection to control if the
  measures were fulfilled and taking potato samples
  for testing

48
Leptinotarsa decemlineata

• Widespread in Latvia
• Under effective control with appropriate
  insecticides

49
Conclusions

• Eradication measures must be as immediate as
  possible
• To implement effective measures sometimes
  scientific advice is needed and working group
  should be organized
• Very important to inform public on the harm of
  quarantine organisms
• From our experience with potato ring rot it is
  not so easy

50

• Thank you all for your attention!!!