going beyond the spatial mismatch hypothesis

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going beyond the spatial mismatch hypothesis
New measure for labor market assessment

• John Östh
• Department of Social
• Economic Geography
• _at_ Uppsala University, Sweden

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Accessibility measures are typically used to

• Express proximity in general
• Express the relationship between supply and
  demand, as used in
• Spatial Mismatch hypothesis
• Gender and class related hypotheses (HRH, etc)
• Assist localization decision

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Measuring accessibility

• Outcome measures of accessibility
• Commuting time/distance
• Potential measures of accessibility
• Catchment area analysis (job housing balance
  ratio, etc)

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• Principle behind outcome measures of
  accessibility
• Distance/time commuted represent individuals
  accessibility
• Poor accessibility (long commutes)
• Problems using outcome measures of accessibility
• Endogeniety
• Only commuters can be used

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• Principle behind potential measures of
  accessibility

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• Measurement bias using potential models

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Complex models of potential accessibility
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The ELMO-model is

• Estimated Labor Market Outcome
• A doubly constrained measure of potential
  accessibility
• Four major benefits
• Individual input - individual output
• Comparison
• Non-iterative
• Multi-topological

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ELMO topologies

• A) Absolute Space (dichotomy)
• B) Relative Space (distance decay)

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ELMO Step 1 A crude measure of accessibility
The labor suppliers potential interest in each
unit of demand for labor available within the
catchment area. S 5 AD 50 Z 0.1
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ELMO step 2 Introducing competition for jobs
the relation between the local demand (D) for
labor and the potential labor supply (AZ) is
expressed. The abbreviation DC represents demand
when competition is accounted for. D 100 AZ
2 DC 50
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ELMO step 3 Accessibility to competition
adjusted jobs
The (aggregated) competed for jobs (ADC) are
related to the local suppliers potential
interest in the demand available within the
catchment-area (Z). ADC 100 Z 0.1 EE 10
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ELMO step 3 Accessibility to competition
adjusted jobs
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Example of ELMO-output
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The future of ELMO

• Funding to develop an easy to use program
  (accessibility/localization)
• Developing ELMO-topologies
• Period 2007-2009

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THE END
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