P1246341514MxTrS

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• Geosynthetics
• Separation
• Reinforcement
• Confinement
• Filtration
• In-plane Drainage

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• Separation

10 tons stone placed on 10 tons of mud soon
results in 20 tons of mud
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Geo-separators prevent fine grained soil from
lowering the strength of the load bearing
aggregate base course.
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• Reinforcement

Geotextiles and Geogrids good in tension
complement soils good in compression. Trampoline
Effect
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Geo-textiles provide high strength at low strain
resulting in reduced aggregate thickness.
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Geotextiles, geogrids and geocells provide high
friction between layers.
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Solving Slope Problems With Geotextiles or
Geogrids
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• Confinement
• Gain strength by putting aggregate in a bag,
  pillow or cage and form a monolithic mass.

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Chia
Wall
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Solving Slope Protection Problems With Geocells
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Cellular structure confines materials, preventing
a bearing capacity failure
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Localized Shear Failure
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Fill with concrete, crushed stone, sand, native
soil or loam.
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Use stakes, screws duckbill anchors, or anchor
trenches
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Well established vegetation resists erosion.
Geocells prevent downcutting.
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Geocells anchor slope surface and protect root
zone.
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Stack Geocells to form walls. Fill with native
soil, vegetate the face.
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Repair slide areas with stacked Geocells filled
with low quality fill. Gain strength, use less
fill.
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Slope Stabilization in Elizabethtown, NY using
cedar posts to support and confine round river
rocks.
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Cells formed from cedar posts, spiked at the
joints.
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Erosion net and grass placed on the center
section only.
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Machia Road, Highgate, VT HMGP Project. Steep,
stone- covered slope without confinement.
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• In-plane Drainage

In-plane flow in Geotextiles, Geonets,
Geocomposites or constructed envelops or
mattresses
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Nonwoven Geotextile placed over the seepage
horizon provides in-plane drainage
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Murray Road, Orwell, VT
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1500 feet of ditch
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Mud Season Problems? Think Geotextile Capillary
Barriers and Geocell Confinement
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A capillary barrier that cuts off rising water
prevents frost heaves.
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ERDC/CRREL TR-05-1 Cold Regions Research and
Engineering Laboratory US Army Corps of
Engineers Engineer Research and Development
Center Improved Performance of Unpaved
Roads During Spring Thaw Karen S. Henry, James
P. Olson, Stephen P. Farrington and John
Lens ERDC/CRREL TR-05-1 February 2005 Key
Words Muddy Roads, Vermont
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Geofoam Light-weight Fill
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GeoFoams extremely low density makes it highly
effective in reducing lateral pressure, improving
the stability and safety of slope construction by
minimizing the potential for failure surfaces due
to heavy fill loads, lowering settlements,
providing better insulation, limiting horizontal
forces against retaining structures.       
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Dr. Richard N. Downer, P.E. Department of Civil
Environmental Engineering 213 Votey
Building University of Vermont Burlington, VT
05405-0156 Downer_at_emba.uvm.edu 802-656-1923
More?
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Low Water Crossings By Richard N. Downer, P.E.,
PhD Clarence Decker, Highway Supervisor, Town of
Castleton, VT A Case Study - Brown Farm Road,
Castleton, Vermont2
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Water flowing over the road, July 31, 2000.
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Only damage after July 31, 2000 event.
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Burr Road, West Haven, VT Men standing at the
low spot over culvert. Swamps on either side of
road.