Biodiversity, Agriculture

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Biodiversity, Agriculture Ecosystems

• What is Biodiversity
• Agrobiodiversity
• Biodiversity and Agriculture in the landscape
• extensification and intensification
• Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
• Agriculture and Ecosystem Services

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Definitions of Biodiversity
Reed Noss, "Indicators for Monitoring
Biodiversity A Hierarchial Approach",
Conservation Biology 4(4)355-364. 1990.
CBD Article 2 The variability among living
organisms and the ecological complexes of which
they are part, including the diversity within
species, between species and of ecosystems.
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Reed Noss, "Indicators for Monitoring
Biodiversity A Hierarchial Approach",
Conservation Biology 4(4)355-364. 1990.
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Definitions of Agricultural Biodiversity - 1
Reed Noss, "Indicators for Monitoring
Biodiversity A Hierarchial Approach",
Conservation Biology 4(4)355-364. 1990.
CBD Decision V/5, appendix a broad term that
includes all components of biological diversity
of relevance to food and agriculture, and all
components of agriculture that constitute the
agro-ecosystem
the variety and variability of animals, plants
and micro-organisms, at the genetic, species and
ecosystem levels which are necessary to sustain
the key functions of the agro-ecosystem, its
structure and processes.
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Definitions of Agricultural Biodiversity 2
Reed Noss, "Indicators for Monitoring
Biodiversity A Hierarchial Approach",
Conservation Biology 4(4)355-364. 1990.
a continuum from cultivated biodiversity to wild
biodiversity Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA
2005)
Cultivated or planned biodiversity crops,
livestock, aquaculture fisheries. Associated
biodiversity supports agricultural production
through nutrient cycling, soil formation, pest
control, pollination, etc. Additional or other
biodiversity also occurs within the
agricultural ecosystem. Wild biodiversity
outside agricultural ecosystems
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Agrobiodiversity and Sugarcane
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Agrobiodiversity and Cacao
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Agrobiodiversity and staple crops in PNG (potato,
taro, yams)
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Millennium Ecosystem AssessmentFocus on
Ecosystem Services The benefits people obtain
from ecosystems
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Focus Consequences of Ecosystem Change for
Human Well-being
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MA Conceptual Framework

• Human Well-being and
• Poverty Reduction
• Basic material for a good life
• Health
• Good Social Relations
• Security
• Freedom of choice and action

• Indirect Drivers of Change
• Demographic
• Economic (globalization, trade, market and policy
  framework)
• Sociopolitical (governance and institutional
  framework)
• Science and Technology
• Cultural and Religious

• Direct Drivers of Change
• Changes in land use
• Species introduction or removal
• Technology adaptation and use
• External inputs (e.g., irrigation)
• Resource consumption
• Climate change
• Natural physical and biological drivers (e.g.,
  volcanoes)

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